Die Situation von Geschwistern psychisch Kranker

Zusammenfassung

Anliegen: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen differenzierten Überblick über den Forschungsstand zur Situation von Geschwistern psychisch Kranker zu geben. Methode: Die Literaturauswahl erfolgte mittels einer Medline-Datenbankrecherche der Jahrgänge 1996 - 2004 mit den Suchbegriffen „sibling” und „mentally ill”/„chronically ill”/„psychiatric disorder” (631 Literaturhinweise) sowie durch Sichtung und Auswertung weiterführender Literaturhinweise. 170 Artikel und Buchbeiträge wurden in die Literaturübersicht einbezogen. Ergebnisse: Die Situation von Geschwistern psychisch Kranker zeigt vielfältige Aspekte, welche sich thematisch folgenden Bereichen zuordnen lassen: Belastungen in der Beziehung zu dem erkrankten Geschwister, Belastungen in der Beziehung zu den gemeinsamen Eltern und anderen Familienangehörigen und Belastungen für die eigene Lebenssituation des gesunden Geschwisters. Diesen Belastungen stehen teilweise Bereicherungen und positive Entwicklungen im eigenen Leben infolge der Erkrankung des Geschwisters gegenüber. Personenbezogene Variablen wie Geschlecht des gesunden Geschwisters, Familiengröße, Alter bei Erkrankungsbeginn und Geschwisterfolge nehmen Einfluss auf das Erleben von Geschwistern. Schlussfolgerungen: Aus den aufgezeigten Belastungen lassen sich Handlungsbedarfe für politische Entscheidungs- und Kostenträger, professionelle Helfer in und außerhalb von Kliniken und die Familien selbst ableiten.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current research regarding the situation of mentally ill persons. Methods: The relevant literature was identified by means of a computerized MEDLINE search on the years 1996 - 2004 with the key words „sibling” and „mentally ill”/„chronically ill”/„psychiatric disorder” (631 articles). Also the related articles in the MEDLINE search were viewed. Finally 170 articles of journals and books were included in the review. Results: The situation of siblings of psychiatric ill has manifold aspects, which can be classified into the following categories: Burdens due to the relationship to the ill sibling, burdens because of the relations to the shared parents and other family members, and burdens in the daily life of the siblings due to the illness of his/her sibling. On the other side there are rewards and positive developments in their life because of the illness of the sibling. Personal variables like sex, family size and age at onset of the illness are an influence on the experience of the sibling. Conclusion: The revealed burdens of the affected siblings require necessary answers by political representatives, professionals in and outside a clinic, and the involved families.

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