Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Das Pendred-Syndrom ist eine autosomal rezessiv vererbte Erkrankung. Neben einer
Schwerhörigkeit und einer Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörung tritt auch eine Fehlbildung
des Innenohrs, ein erweiterter Aquaeductus vestibularis auf. Das Gen SLC26A4/PDS für
das Pendred-Syndrom wurde durch „linkage analysis” auf Chromosom 7q31 kartiert. Dieses
Protein wird im Innenohr, in der Schilddrüse, Niere und Plazenta exprimiert. Funktionelle
Untersuchungen nach Expression von Pendrin in Xenopus-laevis-Oocyten zeigten, dass
es sich bei dem Genprodukt (Pendrin) um einen Jodid/Chlorid bzw. Jodid/Format-Transporter
handelt.
Methode: Der Nachweis der Mutationen erfolgte durch direkte Sequenzierung der kodierenden
Exone einschließlich der Intron-Übergänge.
Ergebnis: In der beteiligten Familie konnten zwei heterozygote Mutationen nachgewiesen werden,
die in Kombination bei den betroffenen Patienten zur fortschreitenden Schwerhörigkeit
und Taubheit führten.
Schlussfolgerung: Bei Hinweisen oder Vorliegen von familiären Defekten, d. h. einer heterozygoten Mutation
im SLC26A4/PDS-Gen, ist es sinnvoll, Neugeborene möglichst frühzeitig auf Defekte
im Gen zu untersuchen, um rechtzeitig eine optimale und qualifizierte Betreuung der
Sprachentwicklung durch Hörhilfen bis hin zur CI-Implantation einzuleiten.
Abstract
Background: Pendred-syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease that is classically characterised
by sensorineural hearing loss and enlargement of the thyroid gland. The gene SLC26A4/PDS
for the pendred-syndrome has been localised by linkage analysis on chromosome 7q31.
This protein is expressed in the inner ear, thyroid gland, kidney and placenta. Functional
analysis in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that it acts as an iodide/chloride and
chloride/formate exchanger.
Method: Each of the exons and flanking splice regions of the SLC26A4/PDS gene was analysed
by direct sequencing.
Results: In the involved family two heterozygous mutations could be detected which results
by combination in hearing loss and deafness.
Conclusion: By evidences of familial background in hearing loss and thyroid disorder it is reasonable
to analyse the PDS gene for mutation to have early the possibility for medical care
of linguistic development through hearing aid or CI-implantation.
Schlüsselwörter
Pendred-Syndrom - SLC26A4/PDS-Gen - Mutationsanalyse
Key words
Pendred-Syndrome - SLC26A4/PDS gene - mutationsanalysis
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Dr. Ralf Birkenhäger
Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und Poliklinik · Universitätsklinikum
Freiburg
Killianstraße 5 · 79106 Freiburg
Email: birkenhaeger@hno.ukl.uni-freiburg.de