Zusammenfassung
Die MRT bietet sich als nicht-invasive Methode zur Diagnostik kongenitaler Herzvitien
im Kindesalter einerseits als Ergänzung zur Echokardiographie an, andererseits ergeben
sich auch Vorteile insbesondere nach Korrektureingriffen. Die verschiedenen MRT-Sequenzen
müssen an die Untersuchung von Kindern adaptiert werden und können Aufschluss über
die Morphologie, Blutflüsse im Herz und in den thorakalen Gefäßen und über die myokardiale
Wandbewegung geben. Die sichere Durchführung und Befundung der MRT komplexer Herzvitien
und der postoperativen Situation ist von mehreren Faktoren abhängig. Es muss die enge
Kooperation zwischen kinderkardiologisch versierten Ärzten einerseits und mit der
Untersuchung von Herzvitien erfahrenen Ärzten andererseits sichergestellt sein. Ergebnisse
der obligat zuvor durchgeführten Echokardiographie sowie Details von ursprünglichen
Herzvitien und eventuellen palliativen oder rekonstruktiven Eingriffen müssen dem
Untersucher zur genauen Untersuchungsplanung vorliegen. Mit einem systematischen segmentalen
Zugang, der auf der Bestimmung des Situs und der Isomerie, der atrialen und ventrikulären
Morphologie sowie der Beurteilung der viszeroatrialen, der atrioventrikulären und
ventrikuloarteriellen Verbindungen basiert, lassen sich die meisten kongenitalen Herzerkrankungen
korrekt erfassen. Mit entsprechenden Kenntnissen lassen sich auch Untersuchungen nach
meist sehr komplexen Korrektureingriffen mit der MRT sehr genau und zielsicher durchführen
und somit invasive Diagnostik unter Umständen vermeiden oder aber hinauszögern. Ziel
dieser Übersicht ist es, Kenntnisse, Probleme und Anregungen in der Durchführung der
kardialen MRT bei Kindern und Kleinkindern mit kongenitalen Herzerkrankungen zu vermitteln.
Abstract
MRI provides a non-invasive diagnostic tool complementing echocardiography on one
hand, and showing advantages over echocardiography, on the other hand, especially
after corrective procedures. The multiple different MRI sequences need to be adapted
to examinations of children and patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), and
can be used to detect morphologic changes, blood-flow in the heart and thoracic vessels
and diastolic or systolic function of myocardium. Several factors determine the success
of the examination of a complex congenital heart disease or a postoperative situs.
Pediatric radiologists and radiologists experienced in congenital heart diseases have
to work in close cooperation. Echocardiography should be performed before MRI. The
results of prior examinations and the clinical history of the patients, including
possible palliative or reconstructive operations, must be available before MRI to
guide the planning of the examination. With a systematic segmental approach to the
situs, to the atrial and ventricular morphology, and to the visceroatrial, atrioventricular
and ventriculoarterial connections, most CHDs can be diagnosed correctly. With appropriate
knowledge, MRI can also be performed quite accurately after complex operations and
may avoid or delay invasive diagnostic procedures. The aim of this article is to impart
knowledge, to mention problems and to provide guidance in the performance of cardiac
MRI in patients with CHD.
Key words
MRI - Echocardiography - congenital heart disease - morphology
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Dr. Florian Weiss
Radiologisches Zentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle
Radiologie
Martinistraße 52
20246 Hamburg
Phone: +49-42803-4010
Fax: +49-42803-6799
Email: f.weiss@uke.uni-hamburg.de