The Insulin Receptor Isoform Exon 11- (IR-A) in Cancer and Other Diseases: A Review

A. Denley; J. C. Wallace; L. J. Cosgrove; B. E. Forbes

doi:10.1055/s-2004-814157

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Horm Metab Res 2003; 35(11/12): 778-785
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814157

Review

The Insulin Receptor Isoform Exon 11- (IR-A) in Cancer and Other Diseases: A Review

A. Denley^1, ² , J. C. Wallace¹ , L. J. Cosgrove² , B. E. Forbes²

¹School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia
²CSIRO Division of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide 5000, South Australia

Abstract

The insulin receptor plays a vital role in mediating the actions of insulin. These include metabolic and mitogenic effects. This review will focus on the role of the insulin receptor isoforms in normal development and the pathogenesis of certain cancers and type 2 diabetes. There are two insulin receptor isoforms arising from the alternative splicing of exon 11 resulting in either the exon 11+ (IR-B) isoform (including 12 amino acids encoded by exon 11) or the exon 11- (IR-A) isoform. The isoforms have different affinities for insulin, IGF-II and IGF-I with the exon 11- isoform binding both insulin and IGF-II with high affinities. Interestingly, differential expression of the insulin receptor isoforms has been demonstrated in disease. Several cancer cell types that also overexpress IGF-II preferentially express the exon 11- isoform. Activation of the exon 11- insulin receptor by IGF-II and insulin results in mitogenic effects and a potentiation of the cancer phenotype. Also hyperinsulinemia has been associated with increased risk of cancer. Differential expression of the insulin receptor isoforms has also been demonstrated in type 2 diabetes although there is some discrepancy in the literature as to which isoform is expressed.

Key words

Insulin receptor - Isoform - Cancer - Type 2 diabetes - Exon 11+ - Exon 11- - Hyperinsulinemia

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A. Denley

School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences · The University of Adelaide

Adelaide 5005 · South Australia

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eMail: adam.denley@adelaide.edu.au