Einsatz von Opioidantagonisten in der abstinenzerhaltenden Behandlung der Opiatabhängigkeit

Zusammenfassung

Die Behandlung der Opiatabhängigkeit mit Opioidantagonisten ist eine theoretisch viel versprechende, in der Praxis aber vergleichsweise selten genutzte Therapieoption. Die Übersichtsarbeit fasst vorliegende Studien zur Behandlung mit Opiatantagonisten, insbesondere Naltrexon, zusammen. Die vorliegenden Therapieergebnisse sind insgesamt positiv zu bewerten, wobei spezifische Indikationskriterien für den praktischen Einsatz und die Notwendigkeit einer begleitenden psychosozialen Behandlung zu berücksichtigen sind. So können Opiatantagonisten als medikamentöser Teil eines therapeutischen Gesamtkonzepts wesentlich dazu beitragen, Abstinenz von Opiaten langfristig zu erhalten.

Abstract

Treatment of subjects addicted to opiates with opioid-antagonists is a theoretically promising option; however, it is rather seldom included in general therapeutic intervention in clinical practice. This review now summarizes results of studies on treatment with opioid antagonists, especially naltrexone, and suggests general guidelines for the use of opioid antagonists. Especially the inclusion of psychosocial interventions in addition to pharmacotherapy seems to be a main condition for positive treatment outcome. In general, opioid-antagonists are an important part of a multi-modal treatment programme to support opiate addicts maintaining long-term abstinence.

Schlüsselwörter

Opioid - Opiat - Therapie - Sucht - Naltrexon

Key words

Opioid - opiate - treatment - addiction - naltrexone

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