Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst die Studienlage zu Kurzinterventionen auf der Basis
des Motivational Interviewing (MI) bei alkoholbezogenen Störungen zusammen. Als Datengrundlage
dienen aktuelle Metaanalysen zu Kurzinterventionen sowie ergänzende aktuelle MI-Studien.
Die Ergebnisse belegen eine hinreichende Evidenz von MI-Kurzinterventionen im Vergleich
zu Kontrollgruppen, die keine Intervention erhalten haben. Dies gilt vor allem für
Menschen mit leichten bis mittelgradigen alkoholbezogenen Problemen. Die Effektstärken
liegen im unteren bis mittleren Bereich. Spezifische Wirkfaktoren werden diskutiert.
Die praktische Umsetzung von MI-Kurzinterventionen in Deutschland befindet sich in
den Anfängen. Außerhalb der traditionellen Suchtkrankenhilfe wurden verschiedene Modellvorhaben
und Weiterbildungscurricula unter Einbezug des MI-Kurzinterventionskonzepts entwickelt
und erprobt.
Abstract
This paper summarizes the current evidence on MI-based brief interventions for people
with alcohol problems. Data are used from two current meta-analyses published in 2001
and four additional randomized controlled trials mostly published in the following
years. There is a substantial evidence for MI-based brief interventions when compared
to controls. Results are best for people with mild to moderate alcohol problems, but
even for people with substantial or severe alcohol problems MI-based brief interventions
lead to a higher specialized treatment attendance rate. Effect sizes are on the small
to medium range.
The question of specific effective elements is discussed. It seems to be that rather
unspecific elements like empathy, feedback, responsiblity and non-aggressive counselling
style than raising specific substance use or lifestyle topics are responsible for
the effectiveness of interventions.
Current applications of MI-based brief interventions in Germany are described. There
are some encouraging experiences in the primary health care and general hospital but
due to a lack of financial support there is no transfer in routine care. Three curricula
for the training of non-specialists in dealing with substance use problems are described.
Main part of all curricula is information about MI-based brief interventions and appropriate
practical exercises.
Schlüsselwörter
Kurzinterventionen - Motivational Interviewing - alkoholbezogene Störungen - Effektivität
- Implementierung
Key words
Brief interventions - motivational interviewing - alcohol problems - effectiveness
- implementation
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Dr. Georg Kremer
Zentrum für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Krankenanstalten Gilead,
von Bodelschwinghsche Anstalten Bethel
Remterweg 69/71
33617 Bielefeld
eMail: kremer@psychiatrie.gilead.de