Zusammenfassung
Voraussetzung für die Entstehung IgE-vermittelter Reaktionen der Haut ist die Fähigkeit
von Typ-I-Allergenen, in die Haut einzudringen. Daher war das Ziel der vorgestellten
Untersuchungen die Entwicklung einer Nachweismethode zur Penetration von Pollenallergenen
in die Haut. Voraussetzung hierfür ist zunächst der Nachweis der Freisetzung von Allergenen
aus Pollen bei Kontakt mit Flüssigkeiten, wie z. B. Schweiß oder Wasser. Anschließend
wurden modellhaft Lieschgras-Allergene mit Fluorescein-isothiocyanat (FITC) markiert.
Nach Applikation dieser Allergene wurde das Stratum corneum (SC) mittels der Abrissmethode entfernt. Diese Methode ermöglicht eine nicht-invasive
Entfernung des SC durch das wiederholte Aufbringen und Abreißen von Klebefilmstreifen.
Die Untersuchungen wurden exemplarisch am Modell der Schweinehaut durchgeführt. Es
gelang erstmals mittels der Fluoreszenz-Mikroskopie, die FITC-markierten Allergene
bzw. ihre Fragmente auf allen Abrissen, d. h. im gesamten SC, nachzuweisen. Die Ergebnisse
zeigen, dass selbst hoch-molekulare Antigene wie Typ-I-Allergene konzentrationsabhängig
in das SC gelangen können. Somit kann der Kontakt von Pollen mit Schweiß auf der Haut
zur Penetration von Allergenen in die Haut und damit zur Auslösung der Hautreaktion
führen.
Abstract
The penetration of type I allergens into the skin is necessary for the development
for IgE associated skin reactions. The development of a method to study the penetration
of pollen allergens into the skin was the aim of the present study. These studies
are based on the observation that a release of allergens from pollen was determined
after the contact with sweat or water. Next, the allergens of grass pollen were labeled
with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). After application of these FITC-labeled allergens,
the Stratum corneum (SC) was removed using the tape stripping procedure. This method allows to remove
the SC completely by a successive application and stripping of an adhesive tape. These
investigations were performed in vitro on porcine skin. Finally, the FITC-labeled
allergens or their fragments were detected using fluorescence microscopy on all tape
strips taken (up to 50) reflecting the complete SC. This result indicates the ability
of large molecules as type I allergens to penetrate into the skin depending on their
concentration. Therefore, the contact of pollen with sweat on the skin may lead to
the penetration of the allergens into the skin which represents the basis for eliciting
a skin reaction by type I allergens.
Literatur
1
D’Amato G, Spieksma F T, Liccardi G, Jager S, Russo M, Kontou-Fili K, Wuthrich B,
Bonini S.
Pollen releated allergy in Europe.
Allergy.
1998;
53
567-578
2
Beasley R, Keil U, Mutius E, Pearce N.
Worldwide variation in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis,
and atopic eczema: ISAAC.
Lancet.
1998;
351
1225-1232
3
Sussman G L, Beezhold D H, Kurup V P.
Allergens and natural rubber proteins.
J Allergy Clin Immun.
2002;
110 (2 Suppl)
33-39
4
Bartolucci M, Businco L.
Atopic dermatitis and food allergy in Europe-Prevalence and risk factors.
Allergy.
1998;
53 (46 Suppl)
136-138
5
Langeland T, Braathen L B, Borch M.
Studies of atopic patch tests.
Acta Derm Venerol.
1989;
144 (Suppl. Stockh)
105-109
6
Bohle B, Schwihla H, Hu H Z, Friedl-Hajek R, Sowka S, Ferreira F, Breiteneder H, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C A,
de Weger R A, Mudde G C, Ebner C, Van Reijsen F C.
Long-lived Th2 clones specific for seasonal and perennial allergens can be detected
in blood and skin by their TCR-hypervariable regions.
J Immunol.
1998;
160
2022-2027
7
Werfel T, Kapp A.
Environmental and other major provocation factors in atopic dermatitis.
Allergy.
1998;
53
731-739
8
Darsow U, Behrendt H, Ring J.
Gramineae pollen as trigger factors of atopic eczema: Evaluation of diagnostic measures
using the atopy patch test.
Br J Dermatol.
1997;
137
201
9
Darsow U, Vieluf D, Ring J.
Evaluating the relevance of aeroallergen sensitization in atopic eczema with the atopy
patch test: a randomised, double-blind multicenter study.
J Am Acad Dermatol.
1999;
40
187-193
10
Bruijnzeel P L, Kuijper P H, Kapp A, Warringa R A, Betz S, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C A.
The involvement of eosinophils in the patch test reaction to aeroallergens in atopic
dermatitis: Its relevance for the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
Clin Exp Allergy.
1993;
23/2
97-109
11
Darsow U, Vieluf D, Ring J.
The atopy patch test: An increased rate of reactivity in patients who have an air-exposed
pattern of atopic eczema.
Br J Dermatol.
1996;
135
182-186
12
Worm M, Henz B M.
Molecular regulation of human IgE synthesis.
J Mol Med.
1997;
75
440-447
13
Kraft S, Wessendorf J H, Hanau D, Bieber T.
Regulation of the high affinity receptor for IgE on human epidermal Langerhans cells.
J Immunol.
1998;
161
1000-1006
14 Schaefer H, Zesch A, Stüttgen G. Skin Permeability. Berlin; Springer Verlag 1982
15
Kinet J P.
Atopic allergy and other hypersensitivities.
Curr Opin.
Immunol1999;
11
603-605
16
Schaefer H, Lademann J.
The role of follicular penetration. A differential view.
Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol.
2001;
14 (Suppl 1)
23-27
17
Simon G A, Maibach H I.
The pig as an experimental animal model of percutaneous permeation in man: Qualitative
and quantitative observations - An overview.
Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol.
2000;
13
229-234
18
Weigmann H J, Lademann J, Meffert H, Schaefer H, Sterry W.
Determination of the horny layer profile by tape stripping in combination with optical
spectroscopy in the visible range as a prerequisite to quantify percutaneous absorption.
Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol.
1999;
12
34-45
19
Ogiso T, Paku T, Iwaki M, Tanino T.
Percutaneous penetration of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans and the mechanism
for enhancement effect of enhancers on the intercellular penetration.
Biol Pharmacol Bull.
1995;
18
1566-1571
20
Ogiso T, Paku T, Iwaki M, Tanino T.
Mechanism of the enhancement effect of n-octyl-beta-D-thioglucoside on the transdermal
penetration of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextrans and the molecular weight
dependence of water-soluble penetrants through stripped skin.
J Pharmacol Sci.
1994;
83
1676-1681
J. Lademann
Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie · Medizinische Fakultät Charité
· Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
10098 Berlin
Email: juergen.lademann@charite.de