Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Effektivität atypischer Neuroleptika in der Akuttherapie schizophrener Störungen
wird immer noch kontrovers diskutiert. Deshalb sollte die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit
einer initialen Therapie mit dem atypischen Neuroleptikum Risperidon bei diesen Patienten
unter den Bedingungen der klinischen Praxis untersucht werden. Eine Subanalyse sollte
zudem Hinweise geben, ob auch hoch erregte, gespannte und aggressive Patienten von
einer initialen Akuttherapie mit Risperidon profitieren. Methode: In einer noch laufenden prospektiven multizentrischen Beobachtung sollten akut exazerbierte
schizophrene Patienten über 6 Wochen beobachtet werden, die innerhalb von 24 Stunden
nach stationärer Aufnahme mit Risperidon behandelt wurden. Patienten mit einem Gesamtscore
≥ 15 in den Items der Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) „Erregung”, „Feindseligkeit”
und „unkooperatives Verhalten” wurden als hoch erregte Patienten definiert. Die Wirksamkeitsbeurteilung
erfolgte anhand einer modifizierten PANSS, der Clinical Global Impression (CGI) und
der Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Ergebnisse: 1117 Patienten wurden ausgewertet. Sowohl in der Gesamtgruppe (51 % männlich, Alter:
39,8 ± 14,3 Jahre, 70,1 % paranoide Schizophrenie) als auch bei hoch erregten Patienten
zeigte sich eine signifikante Besserung in allen untersuchten Parametern. Es zeigte
sich eine größere Symptomrückbildung in der Gruppe der hoch erregten Patienten (n
= 163). Wegen Nebenwirkungen wurde Risperidon nur bei 4,1 % abgesetzt. Die mittlere
Dosierung zum Beobachtungsende betrug in beiden Gruppen 5,1 mg/Tag; über 50 % wurden
monotherapeutisch behandelt. Schlussfolgerung: Die initiale Akuttherapie mit Risperidon erweist sich unter den Bedingungen der klinischen
Praxis als wirksame und verträgliche Therapieoption auch für hoch erregte schizophrene
Patienten.
Abstract
Objective : The effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic agents in the treatment of acute schizophrenic
episodes is still a subject of controversial debate. The objective, therefore, was
to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of an initial therapy with the atypical
antipsychotic agent risperidone in acutely exacerbated patients under the conditions
of clinical practice. A sub-analysis was performed to show if highly agitated and
aggressive patients may profit from an initial risperidone therapy as well. Material and Methods: In a still ongoing prospective multicentre observational trial, schizophrenic patients
with acute exacerbations treated with risperidone within 24 hours of in-patient admission
were observed for six weeks. Patients showing a total score of ≥ 15 in the items „excitement”,
„hostility” and „uncooperativeness” of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
were defined as highly agitated patients. Evaluation of efficacy was carried out according
to a modified PANSS, the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and the Brief Psychiatric
Rating Scale (BPRS). Results: 1,117 patients were evaluated. An improvement of all parameters was shown in the
whole study group (51 % males, age 39.8 + 14.3 years, paranoid schizophrenia in 70.1
% of cases) and in particular in the subgroup of highly agitated patients. In these
patients (n = 163), a greater improvement of symptoms was observed. Only in 4,1 %
of cases was risperidone discontinued because of side effects. At the end of the observation,
the mean dosage was 5.1 mg/day in both groups. More than 50 % of the patients were
finally treated with a risperidone monotherapy. Conclusion: The initial acute treatment with risperidone proves to be effective and safe even
for highly agitated schizophrenic patients under the conditions of clinical practice.
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Priv. Doz. Dr. med. F.-G. Pajonk
Universitätsnervenklinik · Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie · Universitätskliniken des
Saarlandes
66421 Homburg
Email: frank.pajonk@uniklinik-saarland.de