Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000051.xml
Download PDF
Semin Plast Surg 2002; 16(3): 261-272
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34429
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34429
Management of Frontal Sinus Trauma
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
01 October 2002 (online)
ABSTRACT
Frontal sinus fractures (FSFs) are a relatively uncommon maxillofacial injury, making up only 5 to 12% of all facial fractures. Individuals sustaining FSFs often have associated intracranial, ophthalmologic, and other maxillofacial injuries. High-resolution computed tomography in combination with clinical findings will accurately predict the degree of injury in the majority of instances. Exploration of the frontal sinus with reduction alone is reserved for a small minority of very simple fractures. The majority of FSFs should be treated with frontal sinus obliteration. Those with more extensive injuries and the presence of a cerebrospinal fluid leak will require a frontal sinus cranialization. Aggressive surgical management is the key to avoiding early and late complications that can cause significant morbidity and mortality.
KEYWORDS
Frontal sinus fractures - maxillofacial injury - ophthalmic injuries
REFERENCES
- 1 Shapiro R, Schorr S. A consideration of the systemic factors that influence frontal sinus pneumatization. Invest Radiol . 1980; 15 191-202
- 2 Lee D, Brody R, Har-El G. Frontal sinus outflow anatomy. Am J Rhinol . 1997; 11 283-285
- 3 Draf W, Weber R, Keerl R, Constantinidis J. [Current aspects of frontal sinus surgery. I. Endonasal frontal sinus drainage in inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses]. HNO . 1995; 43 352-357
- 4 McLaughlin Jr B R, Rehl R M, Lanza D C. Clinically relevant frontal sinus anatomy and physiology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 2001; 34 1-22
- 5
Rohrich R J, Hollier L H.
Management of frontal sinus fractures. Changing concepts.
Clin Plast Surg .
1992;
19
219-232
MissingFormLabel
- 6 Harris L, Marano G D, McCorkle D. Nasofrontal duct: CT in frontal sinus trauma. Radiology . 1987; 165 195-198
- 7 Mosher H P. A method of obliterating the naso-frontal duct and catheterizing the frontal sinus. Laryngoscope . 1911; 21 946-947
- 8
Wallis A, Donald P J.
Frontal sinus fractures: a review of 72 cases.
Laryngoscope .
1988;
98
593-598
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Donald P J.
Frontal sinus ablation by cranialization. Report of 21 cases.
Arch Otolaryngol .
1982;
108
142-146
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Donald P J, Ettin M.
The safety of frontal sinus fat obliteration when sinus walls are missing.
Laryngoscope .
1986;
96
190-193
MissingFormLabel
- 11 Donald P J. The tenacity of the frontal sinus mucosa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1979; 87 557-566
- 12 Nahum A M. The biomechanics of maxillofacial trauma. Clin Plast Surg . 1975; 2 59-64
- 13 Lund V J, Savy L, Lloyd G, Howard D. Optimum imaging and diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. J Laryngol Otol . 2000; 114 988-992
- 14 Nandapalan V, Watson I D, Swift A C. Beta-2-transferrin and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. Clin Otolaryngol . 1996; 21 259-264
- 15
Stanley Jr B R, Becker T S.
Injuries of the nasofrontal orifices in frontal sinus fractures.
Laryngoscope .
1987;
97
728-731
MissingFormLabel
- 16 Stanley Jr B R. Management of frontal sinus fractures. Facial Plast Surg . 1988; 5 231-235
- 17 Gerbino G, Roccia F, Benech A, Caldarelli C. Analysis of 158 frontal sinus fractures: current surgical management and complications. J Craniomaxillofac Surg . 2000; 28 133-139
- 18
Ioannides C, Freihofer H P.
Fractures of the frontal sinus: classification and its implications for surgical treatment.
Am J Otolaryngol .
1999;
20
273-280
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Luce E A.
Frontal sinus fractures: guidelines to management.
Plast Reconstr Surg .
1987;
80
500-510
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Stanley Jr B R.
Fractures of the frontal sinus.
Clin Plast Surg .
1989;
16
115-123
MissingFormLabel
- 21 Key J M, Tami T, Donald P J. Gunshot wound to the frontal sinus. Head Neck . 1990; 12 357-361
- 22 Stanley Jr B R. Management of severe frontobasilar skull fractures. Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 1991; 24 139-150
- 23 Flanagan J C, McLachlan D L, Shannon G M. Orbital roof fractures: neurologic and neurosurgical considerations. Ophthalmology . 1980; 87 325-329
- 24 McLachlan D L, Flanagan J C, Shannon G M. Complications of orbital roof fractures. Ophthalmology . 1982; 89 1274-1278
- 25 Greenwald M J, Lissner G S, Tomita T, Naidich T P. Isolated orbital roof fracture with traumatic encephalocele. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 1987; 24 141-144
- 26 Messinger A, Radkowski M A, Greenwald M J, Pensler J M. Orbital roof fractures in the pediatric population. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1989; 84 213-218
- 27 Raveh J. Surgical techniques in orbital roof fractures: early treatment and results. J Craniomaxillofac Surg . 1995; 23 332-333
- 28 Lakhani R S, Shibuya T Y, Mathog R H, Marks S C, Burgio D L, Yoo G H. Titanium mesh repair of the severely comminuted frontal sinus fracture. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 2001; 127 665-669
- 29 McGraw-Wall B. Frontal sinus fractures. Facial Plast Surg . 1998; 14 59-66
- 30 Jacobs J B. 100 years of frontal sinus surgery. Laryngoscope . 1997; 107 1-36
- 31 Logan-Turner A. The operative treatment of chronic suppuration of the frontal sinus. JAMA . 1905; 44 446-455
- 32 Skillern R H. Untoward results following the external operation on the frontal sinus: a critical review of twenty cases. Laryngoscope . 1913; 23 1063-1072
- 33
Lynch R C.
The technique of a radical frontal sinus operation which has given me the best results.
Laryngoscope .
1921;
31
1-5
MissingFormLabel
- 34 Goodale R L. Some causes for failure in frontal sinus surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1942; 51 1816-1825
- 35 Bergara A R, Itoiz A O. Present state of the surgical treatment of chronic frontal sinusitis. Arch Otolaryngol . 1955; 61 616-628
- 36 Goodale R L, Montgomery W W. Experiences with osteoplastic anterior wall approach to frontal sinus. Arch Otolaryngol . 1958; 68 271-283
- 37 Weber R, Draf W, Keerl R. Osteoplastic frontal sinus surgery with fat obliteration: technique and long-term results using magnetic resonance imaging in 82 operations. Laryngoscope . 2000; 110 1037-1044
- 38 Weber R, Draf W, Kratzsch B, Hosemann W, Schaefer S D. Modern concepts of frontal sinus surgery. Laryngoscope . 2001; 111 137-146
- 39 Weber R, Draf W, Kahle G, Kind M. Obliteration of the frontal sinus-state of the art and reflections on new materials. Rhinology . 1999; 37 1-15
- 40 Petruzzelli G J, Stankiewicz J A. Frontal sinus obliteration with hydroxyapatite cement. Laryngoscope . 2002; 112 32-36
- 41
Shumrick K A, Smith C P.
The use of cancellous bone for frontal sinus obliteration and reconstruction of frontal
bony defects.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg .
1994;
120
1003-1009
MissingFormLabel
- 42 Snyderman C H, Scioscia K, Carrau R L, Weissman J L. Hydroxyapatite: an alternative method of frontal sinus obliteration. Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 2001; 34 179-191
- 43 Perko D. Endoscopic surgery of the frontal sinus without external approach. Rhinology . 1989; 27 119-123
- 44 Freeman S B, Blom E D. Frontal sinus stents. Laryngoscope . 2000; 110 1179-1182
- 45 Correa A J, Duncavage J A, Fortune D S, Reinisch L. Osteoplastic flap for obliteration of the frontal sinus: five years' experience. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1999; 121 731-735
- 46 Mendians A E, Marks S C. Outcome of frontal sinus obliteration. Laryngoscope . 1999; 109 1495-1498
- 47
Donald P J, Bernstein L.
Compound frontal sinus injuries with intracranial penetration.
Laryngoscope .
1978;
88
225-232
MissingFormLabel
- 48 Casiano R R, Jassir D. Endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea repair: is a lumbar drain necessary?. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1999; 121 745-750
- 49 Wilson J T, Leivy S W, Sofferman R A, Wald S L. Mondini dysplasia: spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. New perspectives in management. Pediatr Neurosurg . 1990; 16 260-264
- 50 Mollman H D, Haines S J. Risk factors for postoperative neurosurgical wound infection. A case-control study. J Neurosurg . 1986; 64 902-906
- 51 Levin S, Nelson K E, Spies H W, Lepper M H. Pneumococcal meningitis: the problem of the unseen cerebrospinal fluid leak. Am J Med Sci . 1972; 264 319-327
- 52 Kaufman B A, Tunkel A R, Pryor J C, Dacey Jr G R. Meningitis in the neurosurgical patient. Infect Dis Clin North Am . 1990; 4 677-701
- 53 Blomstedt G C. Craniotomy infections. Neurosurg Clin North Am . 1992; 3 375-385
- 54 Yanagisawa E, Joe J K, Smith H W. Mucocele of the frontal sinus: an external approach with frontonasal passage reconstruction. Ear Nose Throat J . 2000; 79 912-914
- 55 Abrahamson Jr A I, Baluyot S T, Tew Jr M J, Scioville G. Frontal sinus mucocele. Ann Ophthalmol . 1979; 11 173-178
- 56 LaRossa D D, Noone R B, Jackson P. Facial deformity from frontal sinus mucocele: single stage surgical correction. Case report. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1977; 60 917-919
- 57 Har-El G. Endoscopic management of 108 sinus mucoceles. Laryngoscope . 2001; 111 2131-2134
- 58 Ichimura K, Ohta Y, Maeda Y I, Sugimura H. Mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses with intracranial extension-postoperative course. Am J Rhinol . 2001; 15 243-247
- 59 Har-El G. Transnasal endoscopic management of frontal mucoceles. Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 2001; 34 243-251
- 60 Mohr R M, Nelson L R. Frontal sinus ablation for frontal osteomyelitis. Laryngoscope . 1982; 92 1006-1015
- 61 Summers L E, Mascott C R, Tompkins J R, Richardson D E. Frontal sinus osteoma associated with cerebral abscess formation: a case report. Surg Neurol . 2001; 55 235-239
- 62 Falcone S, Post M J. Encephalitis, cerebritis, and brain abscess: pathophysiology and imaging findings. Neuroimaging Clin North Am . 2000; 10 333-353
- 63 Abdullah J. Clinical presentation and outcome of brain abscess over the last 6 years in community based neurological service. J Clin Neurosci . 2001; 8 18-22
- 64 Kacker S K, Krishna B. Rhinogenic osteomyelitis of frontal bone in a diabetic. J Laryngol Otol . 1968; 82 639-643