Download PDF
Zentralbl Gynakol 2002; 124(2): 84-95
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-24238
Übersichten

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Therapy of Female Sexual Dysfunction

Therapie der sexuellen Dysfunktion der FrauC. Szoeke, L. Dennerstein
  • Office for Gender and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
04 April 2002 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Die sexuelle Dysfunktion der Frau ist eine häufig vorkommende Störung, die sich entscheidend auf Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden auswirkt. Studien zur Behandlung dieser Dysfunktion sind selten und die bisher durchgeführten Untersuchungen sind wissenschaftlich nicht stichhaltig, teils infolge der komplexen Art der Vorgänge. Es fehlt eine direkte Bewertung sowohl der Pathologie als auch des Behandlungserfolges; die Korrelation zwischen den physischen Auswirkungen und dem subjektiv einzuschätzenden Behandlungserfolg ist gering.

Die Untersuchung der sexuellen Dysfunktion der Frau wird durch eine Vielfalt widerstreitender Faktoren erschwert, wobei sowohl emotionelle als auch Beziehungsprobleme einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Körperfunktionen ausüben. Der folgende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Erforschung der sexuellen Dysfunktion der Frau seit der ersten Dokumentation des menschlichen sexuellen Verhaltens durch Masters und Johnson 1966. Die wichtigsten Ziele waren:- eine Untersuchung der gegenwärtig angebotenen Möglichkeiten zur Behandlung der sexuellen Störungen und Dysfunktionen der Frau und eine Einschätzung deren Wirksamkeit aufgrund vorliegender Ergebnisse;- Aufzeigung derjenigen Gebiete, auf denen unzureichende oder nicht zugängliche Ergebnisse vorliegen, um die Aufmerksamkeit auf diese für zukünftige Forschungen zu lenken.

Schlüsselwörter

Sexuelle Dysfunktion der Frau - Behandlung - sexuelle Dysfunktion induziert durch selektive Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer - Psychotherapie

References

  • 1 Aksray G, Yelken B, Kaptanoglu C, Oflu S, Ozaltin M. Sexuality in women with obsessive compulsive disorder.  J Sex Marital Ther. 2001;  27 273-277
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Anderson B L. A comparison of systemic desensitisation and directed masturbation in the treatment of primary orgasmic dysfunction in females.  J Consult Clin Psychol. 1981;  49 568-570
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Anderson J M, Blue C, Lau A. Women's perspectives on chronic illness: ethnicity, ideology and restructuring of life.  Soc Sci Med. 1991;  33 101-113
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Anderson-Hunt M, Dennerstein L. Oxytocin and Female Sexuality.  Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1995;  40 217-221
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Anderson-Hunt M, Dennerstein, L. Increased female sexual response after oxytocin [comment].  BMJ. 1994;  309 392
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Arlt W, Callies F, van Vlijmen J C, Koehler I, Reincke M, Bidlingmaier M. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency.  New Eng J of Med. 1999;  341 1013-1020
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Ashton A K, Rosen R C. Accommodation to serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced sexual dysfunction.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1998;  24 191-192
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Ayton R A, Darling G M, Murkies A L, Farrell E A, Weisberg E, Selinus I, Fraser I D. A comparative study of safety and efficacy of continuous low dose estradiol released from a vaginal ring compared with conjugated equine estrogen vaginal cream in the treatment of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy.  Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1996;  103 351-358
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Barbach L, Flaherty M. Group treatment of situationally orgasmic women.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1980;  6 19-29
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Barbach L G. Group treatment of preorgasmic women.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1974;  1 139-145
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Basson R, Berman J, Burnett A, Derogatis L, Ferguson D, Fourcroy J, Goldstein I, Graziottin A, Heiman J, Laan E, Leiblum S, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen R, Segraves K, Segraves R T, Shabsigh R, Sipski M, Wagner G, Whipple B. Report of the international consensus development conference on female sexual dysfunction: definitions and classifications. Presented at Consensus Development Conference.  J Urol. 2000;  163 888-893
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Baulieu E, Thomas G, Legrain S, Lahlou N, Roger N, Debuire B. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;  97 4279-4284
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Beregon S, Binik Y M, Khalife S, Pagidas K, Glazer H I, Meana M, Amsel R. A randomised comparison of group cognitive-behavioural therapy, surface electromyographic biofeedback and vestibulectomy in the treatment of dyspareunia resulting from vulvar vestibulitis.  Pain. 2001;  91 297-306
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Berman J R, Adhikari S P, Goldstein I. Anatomy and physiology of female sexual function and dysfunction: classification, evaluation and treatment options.  Eur Urol. 2000;  38 20-29
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Blaicher W, Gruber D, Bieglmayer C, Blaicher A M, Knogler W, Huber J C. The role of oxytocin in relation to female sexual arousal.  Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1999;  47 125-126
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Blakeney P, Kinder B N, Creson D, Powell L C, Sutton C. A short-term, intensive workshop approach for the treatment of human sexual inadequacy.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1976;  2 124-129
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Boykoff S L. Strategies for sexual counseling of patients following a myocardial infarction.  Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing. 1989;  8 368-373
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Brady J P. Brevital-relaxation treatment of frigidity.  Behav Res Ther. 1966;  4 71-77
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Brown J M, Chaves J F. Hypnosis in the treatment of sexual dysfunction.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1980;  6 63-74
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Butcher J. ABC of sexual health: female sexual problems I: loss of desire - what about the fun?.  BMJ. 1999;  318 41-43
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Caird W K, Wincze J P. Videotaped desensitization of frigidity.  J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1974;  5 175-178
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Carney A, Bancroft J, Matthews A. Combination of hormonal and psychological treatment for female sexual unresponsiveness: A comparative study.  Br J Psychiatry. 1978;  133 339-346
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Caruso S, Intelisano G, Lupo L, Agnello C. Premenopausal women affected by sexual arousal disorder treated with sildenafil: a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study.  Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2001;  108 623-628
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Chua   Chee   Ann. A proposal for a radical new sex therapy technique for the management of vasocongestive and orgasmic dysfunction in women: The AFE Zone Stimulation Technique.  Sex & Marital Ther. 1997;  12 357-370
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Clement U, Schmidt G. The outcome of couple therapy for sexual dysfunction using three different formats.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1983;  9 67-78
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Collins A, Landgren B M. Reproductive health, use of estrogen and experience of symptoms in perimenopausal women: a population-based study.  Maturitas. 1994;  20 101-111
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Cooper A J. Frigidity, treatment and short-term prognosis.  J Psychosom Res. 1970;  14 133-147
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Covarrubias L D. The relationships among disposition toward fantasy, force fantasy, sexual dysfunction, satisfaction, and female sex abuse history. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering. 1997; Vol 57 (7-B), Jan
    Google Scholar
  • 29 Crenshaw T L, Goldberg J P, Stern W C. Pharmacologic modification of psychosexual dysfunction.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1987;  13 239-252
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Croft H, Settle E, Houser T, Batey S R, Donahue R M, Ascher J A. A placebo controlled comparison of the antidepressant efficacy and effects on sexual functioning of sustained-release bupropion and sertraline.  Clinical Therapeutics. 1999;  21 643-658
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Davis S R, McCloud P, Strauss B JG, Burger H. Testosterone enhances estradiol's effects on postmenopausal bone density and sexuality.  Maturitas. 1995;  21 227-236
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 DeAmicis L, Goldberg D C, LoPiccolo J, Friedman J, Davis L. Clinical follow-up of couples treated for sexual dysfunction.  Arch Sex Behav. 1985;  14 467-489
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 DeJong J, Ramakers M, van Lunsen R. Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: a review. Dynamics of a painful syndrome.  Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie. 1998;  22 52-61
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Dennerstein L, Burrows G D, Hyman G J, Sharpe K. Hormones and sexuality: effects of estrogen and progestogen.  Obstet Gynecol. 1980;  56 316-322
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Dennerstein L, Callan A, Warne G ,. et al . The effects of benzodiazepines on hormones in women with idiopathic hirsutism.  Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1984;  8 11-17
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Dennerstein L, Dudley E, Hopper J, Burger H. Sexuality, hormones and the menopausal transition.  Maturitas. 1997;  26 83-93
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Dennerstein L, Lehert P, Burger H, Dudley E. Factors affecting sexual functioning of women in the midlife years.  Climacteric. 1999;  2 254-262
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Dennerstein L, Lehert P, Dudley E. Short scale to measure female sexuality: Adapted from McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire.  J Sex Marital Ther. 2001;  27 339-351
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Dennerstein L, Dudley E, Burger H. Are changes in sexual functioning during midlife due to aging or menopause?.  Fertil Steril. 2001;  76 456-460
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Devan G S. An overview of sexual counselling.  Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1995;  24 732-735
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Eichel E W, Eichel J D, Kule S. The technique of coital alignment and its relation to female orgasmic response and simultaneous orgasm.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1988;  14 129-141
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Ersner-Hershfield R, Kopel S. Group treatment of preorgasmic women: Evaluation of partner involvement and spacing of sessions.  J Consult Clin Psychol. 1979;  47 750-759
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Fagan P J, Schmidt C W, Wise T N, Derogatis L R. Sexual dysfunction and dual psychiatric diagnoses.  Compr Psychiatry. 1988;  29 278-284
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Fichten C S, Libman E, Brender W. Methodological issues in the study of sex therapy: Effective components in the treatment of secondary orgasmic dysfunction.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1983;  9 191-202
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Gilmore L G. Hypnotic metaphor and sexual dysfunction.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1987;  13 45-57
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Gitlin M J. Psychotropic medications and their effects on sexual function: diagnosis, biology, and treatment approaches.  J Clin Psychiatry. 1994;  55 406-413
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Goldstein I, Berman J R. Vasculogenic female sexual dysfunction: Vaginal engorgement and clitoral erectile insufficiency syndromes.  Int J Impot Res. 1998;  10 (Supl 2) S84-S90
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Hawton K, Catalan J, Martin P, Fagg J. Long-term outcome of sex therapy.  Behav Res & Ther. 1986;  24 665-675
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Hawton K. Treatment of sexual dysfunctions by sex therapy and other approaches.  Br J Psychiatry. 1995;  167 307-314
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Heiman J R, LoPiccolo J. Clinical outcome of sex therapy. Effects of daily v weekly treatment.  Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;  40 443-449
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Henrich A G. The effect of group and self-directed behavioural educational treatment of primary orgasmic dysfunction in females treated without their partners. Dissertation Abstracts International. 1976; 37: 1902 B
    Google Scholar
  • 52 Henson C, Rubin H B, Henson D E. Women's sexual arousal concurrently assessed by three genital measures.  Arch Sex Behav. 1979;  8 459-469
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Hulter B, Berne C, Lundberg P O. Sexual function in women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.  Scand J Sexology. 1998;  1 43-50
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Hurlbert D F, Apt C. The coital alignment technique and directed masturbation: A comparative study on female orgasm.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1995;  21 21-29
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Husted J R. Desensitization procedures in dealing with female sexual dysfunction.  The Counseling Psychologist. 1975;  5 30-37
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Ince L P. Behaviour modification of sexual disorders.  Am J Psychother. 1973;  27 446-451
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Jankovich R, Miller P R. Response of women with primary orgasmic dysfunction to audiovisual education.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1978;  4 16-19
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Jones W, Park P. Treatment of single partner sexual dysfunction by systematic desensitisation.  Obstet Gynecol. 1972;  39 411-417
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Kaplan S A, Reis R B, Kohn I J, Ikeguichi E F, Laor E, Te A E, Martins A C. Safety and efficacy of sildenafil in postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction.  Urology. 1999;  53 481-486
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Kilmann P R, Milan RJ J r, Boland J P, Mills K H, Caid C, Davidson E, Bella B, Wanlass R, Sullivan J, Montgomery B. The treatment of secondary orgasmic dysfunction II.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1987;  13 93-105
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Kilmann P R, Mills K H, Bella B, Caid C, Davidson E, Drose G, Wanlass R. The effects of sex education on women with secondary orgasmic dysfunction.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1983;  9 79-87
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Kilmann P R, Mills K H, Caid C, Davidson E, Drose G, Boland J, Follingstand D, Montgomery B, Wanlass R. Treatment of secondary orgasmic dysfunction: An outcome study.  Arch Sex Behav. 1986;  15 211-229
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Kinzl J F, Traweger C, Biebl W. Sexual dysfunctions: relationship to childhood sexual abuse and early family experiences in a nonclinical sample.  Child Abuse Negl. 1995;  19 785-792
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Kohlenberg R J. Directed masturbation and the treatment of primary orgasmic dysfunction.  Arch Sex Behav. 1974;  3 349-356
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Kraft T, Al-Issa I. Behaviour therapy and the treatment of frigidity.  Am J Psychother. 1967;  21 116-120
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Kuriansky J B, Sharpe L, O'Conner D. The treatment of anorgasmia: long term effectiveness of a short term behavioural group therapy.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1982;  8 29-43
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Laan E, Everaerd W. Physiological measure of vaginal vasocongestion.  Int J Impot Res. 1998;  10 S 107-S 110
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Laumann E O, Paik A, Rosen R C. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors.  J Am Med Assoc. 1999;  281 537-544
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Leiblum S R, Ersner-Hershfield R. Sexual enhancement groups for dysfunctional women: An evaluation.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1977;  3 139-152
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Levin R J, Wagner G. Orgasm in women in the laboratory - quantitative studies on duration, intensity, latency, and vaginal blood flow.  Arch Sex Behav. 1985;  14 439-449
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Lobitz W C, LoPiccolo J. New methods in the behavioural treatment of sexual dysfunction.  J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1972;  3 265-271
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 LoPiccolo J, Heiman J R, Hogan D R, Roberts C W. Effectiveness of single therapist versus co-therapy teams in sex therapy.  J Consult Clin Psychol. 1985;  53 287-294
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 LoPiccolo J, Lobitz W C. The role of masturbation in the treatment of orgasmic dysfunction.  Arch Sex Behav. 1972;  2 163-171
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Madsen CH J r, Ullmann L P. Innovations in the desensitisation of frigidity.  Behav Res Ther. 1967;  5 67-68
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Masand P S, Ashton A K, Gupta S, Frank B. Sustained-release bupropion for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced sexual dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.  Am J Psychiatry. 2001;  158 805-807
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Masters W H, Johnson V. Human sexual inadequacy. Boston, Little Brown & Co. 1970
    Google Scholar
  • 77 Masters W H, Johnson V E. Human sexual response. Boston, Little Brown & Co. 1966
    Google Scholar
  • 78 Mathew R J, Weinman M L. Sexual dysfunctions in depression.  Arch Sex Behav. 1982;  11 323-328
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Mathews A, Bancroft J, Whitehead A, Hackmann A, Julier D, Bancroft J, Fath D, Shaw P. The behavioural treatment of sexual inadequacy: A comparative study.  Behav Res Ther. 1976;  14 427-436
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 Mathews A, Whitehead A, Kellett J M. Psychological and hormonal factors in the treatment of sexual female dysfunction.  Psychol Med. 1983;  13 83-92
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 81 Mathews A. Progress in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction.  J Psychosom Res. 1983;  27 165-173
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Mattson D, Petrie M, Srivastava D K, McDermott M. Multiple sclerosis. Sexual dysfunction and its response to medications.  Arch Neurol. 1995;  52 862-868
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 83 McGovern K B, Kirkpatrick C, LoPiccolo J. A behavioural group treatment program for sexually dysfunctional couples.  J Marriage & Family Counselling. 1976;  2 397-404
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 84 McGovern K B, Stewart R C, LoPiccolo J. Secondary orgasmic dysfunction: 1 Analysis and strategies for treatment.  Arch Sex Behav. 1975;  4 265-275
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 85 McMullen S, Rosen R C. Self-administered masturbation training in the treatment of primary orgasmic dysfunction.  J Consult Clin Psychol. 1979;  47 912-918
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 86 Meston C M, Heiman J R. Ephedrine activated physiological sexual arousal in women.  Arch Gen Psych. 1998;  55 652-656
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 87 Milan R J, Kilman P R, Boland J P. Treatment outcome of secondary orgasmic dysfunction: A two to six year follow-up.  Arch Sex Behav. 1988;  17 463-480
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 88 Mills K H, Kilmann P R. Group treatment of sexual dysfunctions: a methodological review of the outcome literature.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1982;  8 259-296
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 89 Monga T N, Lawson J S, Inglis J. Sexual dysfunction in stroke patients.  Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;  67 19-22
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 90 Morokoff P J, LoPiccolo J L. A comparative evaluation of minimal therapist contact and 15 session treatment of organic dysfunction.  J Consult Clin Psychol. 1986;  54 294-300
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 91 Munjack D, Cristol A, Goldstein A, Philips D, Goldberg A, Whipple K, Staples F, Kenno P. Behavioural treatment of orgasmic dysfunction: A controlled study.  Br J Psychiatry. 1976;  129 497-502
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 92 Nelson E B, Shah V N, Welge J A, Keck  P E. A placebo-controlled, crossover trial of granisetron in SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction.  J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;  62 469-473
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 93 Nemetz G H, Craig K D, Reith G. Treatment of female sexual dysfunction through symbolic modelling.  J Consult Clin Psychol. 1978;  46 62-73
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 94 O'Gorman E C. The treatment of frigidity: a comparative study of group and individual desensitisation.  Br J Psychiatry. 1978;  132 580-584
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 95 Palace E M, Gorzalka B B. The enhancing effects of anxiety on arousal in sexually dysfunctional and functional women.  J Abnorm Psychol. 1990;  99 403-411
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 96 Philipp M, Tiller J W, Baier D, Kohnen R. Comparison of moclobemide with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on sexual function in depressed adults. The Australian and German Study Groups.  Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2000;  10 305-314
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 97 Piazza L A, Markowitz J C, Kocsis J H, Leon A C, Portera L, Miller N L, Adler D. Sexual functioning in chronically depressed patients treated with SSRI antidepressants: A pilot study.  Am J of Psychiatry. 1997;  154 1757-1759
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 98 Ramage M. ABC of sexual health: Management of sexual problems.  BMJ. 1998;  317 1509-1512
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 99 Ravart M, Cote H. Sexoanalysis: a new insight-oriented treatment approach for sexual disorders.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1992;  18 128-140
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 100 Redmond G P. Hormones and sexual function.  Int J Fertil & Women's Med. 1999;  44 193-197
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 101 Resinger J J. Masturbatory training in the treatment of primary orgasmic dysfunction.  J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1974;  5 179-183
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 102 Riley A J, Riley E J. A controlled study to evaluate directed masturbation in the management of primary orgasmic failure in women.  Br J Psychiatry. 1978;  133 404-409
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 103 Rosen R C, Beck J G. Patterns of sexual arousal.  New York, The Guilford Press 1988
    Google Scholar
  • 104 Rothschild A J. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced sexual dysfunction: efficacy of a drug holiday.  Am J Psychiatry. 1995;  152 1514-1516
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 105 Rumstein-McKean O, Hunsley J. Interpersonal and family functioning of female survivors of childhood sexual abuse.  Clin Psychology Review. 2001;  21 471-490
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 106 Sarrel P, Dobay B, Wiita B. Estrogen and estrogen-androgen replacement in postmenopausal women dissatisfied with estrogen-only therapy.  J Reprod Med. 1998;  43 847-856
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 107 Sarwer D B, Durlak J A. A field trial of the effectiveness of behavioural treatment for sexual dysfunctions.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1997;  23 87-97
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 108 Schneidman B, McGuire L. Group therapy for nonorgasmic women: two age levels.  Arch Sex Behav. 1976;  5 239-247
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 109 Segraves K B, Segraves R T. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder: Prevalence and comorbidity in 906 subjects.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1991;  17 55-58
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 110 Sherwin B B, Gelfand M M, Brender W. Androgen enhances sexual motivation in females: a prospective, crossover study of sex steroid administration in the surgical menopause.  Psychosom Med. 1985;  47 339-351
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 111 Shifren J, Braunstein G, Simon J ,. et al . Transdermal testosterone treatment in women with impaired sexual function after oophorectomy.  New Eng J Med. 2000;  343 682-688
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 112 Sipski M L, Alexander C J, Rosen R. Sexual arousal and orgasm in women: effects of spinal cord injury.  Ann Neurol. 2001;  49 35-44
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 113 Sipski M L, Rosen R C, Alexander C J, Hamer R M. Sildenafil effects on sexual and cardiovascular responses in women with spinal cord injury.  Urology. 2000;  55 812-815
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 114 Snyder A, LoPiccolo L, LoPiccolo J. Secondary orgasmic dysfunction II: case study.  Arch Sex Behav. 1975;  4 277-283
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 115 Sotile W M, Kilmann P R, Follingstad D R. A sexual enhancement workshop: Beyond group systematic desensitisation for women's sexual anxiety.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1977;  3 249-255
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 116 Sotile W M, Kilmann P R. The effects of group systematic desensitisation of orgasmic dysfunction.  Arch Sex Behav. 1978;  7 477-491
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 117 Spector I P, Leiblum S R, Carey M P, Rosen R C. Diabetes and female sexual function: A critical review.  Ann Behav Med. 1993;  15 257-264
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 118 Teusch L, Scherbaum N, Bohme H, Bender S, Eschmann-Mehl G, Gastpar M. Different patterns of sexual dysfunctions associated with psychiatric disorders and psychopharmacological treatment. Results of an investigation by semistructured interview of schizophrenic and neurotic patients and methadone-substituted opiate addicts.  Pharmacopsychiatry. 1995;  28 84-92
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 119 Trigwell P. Sexual dysfunction in women with diabetes mellitus: Addressing impaired arousal.  Sexual & Marital Therapy. 1999;  14 385-397
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 120 Valleroy M L, Kraft G H. Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.  Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1984;  65 125-128
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 121 Van der Velde J, Everaed W. Voluntary control over pelvic muscles in women with and without vaginistic reactions.  International Urogynaecology Journal & Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. 1999;  10 230-236
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 122 Wallace D H, Barbach L G. Preorgasmic group treatment.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1974;  1 146-154
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 123 Watson J P, Davies T. ABC of mental health: Psychosexual problems.  BMJ. 1997;  315 239-242
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 124 Wincze J P, Caird W K. The effects of systematic desensitisation in the treatment of essential sexual dysfunction in women.  Behav Therapy. 1976;  7 335-342
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 125 Zajecka J. Strategies for the treatment of antidepressant-related sexual dysfunction.  J Clin Psychiatry.. 2001;  62 (Supl 3) 35-43
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 126 Zimmer D. Does marital therapy enhance the effectiveness of treatment for sexual dysfunction?.  J Sex Marital Ther. 1987;  13 193-209
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Prof. Dr. Lorraine Dennerstein

Office for Gender and Health

Department of Psychiatry

Royal Melbourne Hospital

Charles Connibere Building

Parkville

Vic. 3050

Australia

Fax: 613 9347 4127

Email: ldenn@unimelb.edu.au

      >