ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease two- to fourfold compared
to the risk in nondiabetic subjects. Although type 2 diabetes is associated with a
clustering of risk factors, the cause for an excess risk of cardiovascular disease
remains unknown. Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in type 2 diabetes include particularly
elevated levels of total and very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides and reduced
levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Total and low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) cholesterol levels are usually normal if glycemic control is adequate but LDL
particles are small and dense. According to prospective population-based studies,
total cholesterol is a similar risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients
with type 2 diabetes as it is in nondiabetic subjects. High total triglycerides and
low HDL cholesterol may be even stronger risk factors for CHD in patients with type
2 diabetes than in nondiabetic subjects. Recent drug treatment trials have indicated
that the lowering of total and LDL cholesterol by statins, and the lowering of total
triglycerides and the raising of HDL cholesterol by fibrates, are at least as beneficial
in diabetic patients as in nondiabetic subjects in the prevention of cardiovascular
disease.
KEYWORD
Coronary heart disease - lipids - lipoproteins - type 2 diabetes
