Abstract
Self-expanding metal stents are an established option in the palliative treatment
of malignant stenoses of the esophagus. Herein, we report on a 60-year-old man
with a recurrent stenosis that developed 2 months after radiochemotherapy for
a squamous cell carcinoma in the middle part of the esophagus. To relieve progressive
dysphagia, a Gianturco-Rösch stent (Cook-Z stent, 10 cm, PE-covered, manufactured
by William Cook Europe) was implanted. Six weeks later, precipitous massive hemoptysis
leading to the collapse and death of the patient occurred. Autopsy showed that
a barb in the middle of the stent had perforated the aortic arch, resulting in
massive bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract, and aspiration. Although hemorrhage
and esophageal perforation are known late complications of all types of metal
stents, our case is the first description of a perforation involving a fixation
barb. These barbs are a particular feature of the European version of the
Cook-Z stent, and are intended to prevent stent migration. In future, any hemorrhage
observed after stent implantation should prompt a search for perforation by a
barb (autopsy!). If necessary, the European version of the Gianturco Z stent should
be modified.
Zusammenfassung
Selbst expandierende Metallstents sind eine etablierte Therapieoption in der palliativen
Therapie maligner Ösophagusstenosen. Wir berichten über einen 60-jährigen Patienten
mit einem Stenoserezidiv 2 Monate nach Radiochemotherapie eines Plattenepithelkarzinoms
im mittleren Ösophagus. Bei zunehmender Dysphagie wurde deshalb ein Gianturco-Rösch-Stent
implantiert (Cook-Z-Stent 10 cm, PE-ummantelt der Fa. William Cook Europe). Sechs
Wochen später kam es schlagartig zu massiver Hämoptoe mit Kollaps und Todesfolge.
Die Obduktion zeigte eine Perforation eines Fixationshäkchens im mittleren Stentbereich
durch die Wand des Ösophagus in den anliegenden Aortenbogen mit massiver gastrointestinaler
Blutung und Aspiration. Blutungen und Ösophagusperforationen sind als Spätkomplikation
bei allen Metallstents bekannt, unser Fall beschreibt aber erstmalig eine Perforation
durch die äußeren Fixationshäkchen. Diese Widerhaken (”barbs”) sind eine Besonderheit
der europäischen Variante des Cook-Z-Stents und sollen eine Stentmigration verhindern.
Bei Blutungen nach Stentimplantationen sollte in Zukunft gezielt nach einer Perforation
durch Fixationshäkchen gesucht werden (Obduktion!), ggf. ist eine technische
Modifikation der europäischen Stentvariante erforderlich.
Key words
Metal Stent - Gianturco - Esophagus - Perforation - Hemorrhage - Complication
- Barb - Aortoesophageal Fistula
Schlüsselwörter
Metallstent - Gianturco - Ösophagus - Perforation - Blutung - Komplikation - Fixationshaken
- aortoösophagiale Fistel
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Korrespondenzadresse
OA Dr. Klaus Dirks
Medizinische Klinik I
Klinikum Bayreuth
Preuschwitzer Straße 101
95445 Bayreuth
Fax: 0921/400-6409
Email: Klaus.Dirks@t-online.de