Klinische Aspekte der Hyperkaliämie

Zusammenfassung

Hyperkaliämie ist eine häufige und weiter zunehmende Erkrankung. Die Genese ist meist durch das Zusammentreffen mehrerer Faktoren bedingt. Diese sind nicht selten iatrogen verursacht. Zunehmendes Alter des Patienten, Diabetes mellitus, Störungen des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems, antibiotische Hochdosistherapie und Immunsuppressiva sind Ursachen der Hyperkaliämie. Pathophysiologisch stehen vier Mechanismen im Vordergrund: Nierenfunktionsstörung, hyporeninämischer Hypoaldosteronismus, tubuläre Störungen, zelluläre Störungen.

Abstract

Hyperkalaemia is a frequent disorder. Usually the combined action of several causative factors is required to bring about a hyperkalaemia. They are often iatrogenic. Increasing age, diabetes mellitus, disorders of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, high-dose antibiotics and immunosuppressive treatment may result in hyperkalaemia. The most important pathogenetic mechanisms are renal insufficiency, hypoaldosteronism, tubular disorders and cellular disorders.

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