Zusammenfassung
Eine Depression tritt nach Schlaganfall häufig, bei 30 - 40 % der Patienten zumindest
vorübergehend auf. In der Literatur hat sich bereits der Begriff einer „Poststroke
Depression” (PSD) etabliert. Zur Diagnosestellung bestehen keine einheitliche Kriterien,
zumeist erfolgt eine Anlehnung an die Klassifikationsschlüssel des DSM beziehungsweise
der ICD. In anderen Fällen wird die Diagnose nur anhand von Depressionsskalen gestellt.
Obwohl bekanntermaßen hohe Prävalenzraten bestehen, wird die Depression in der Schlaganfallbehandlung
in den meisten Fällen nicht diagnostiziert und verbleibt auch nach Feststellung zumeist
unbehandelt. Dabei kann es nach den bisherigen Untersuchungen als gesichert gelten,
dass Schlaganfallpatienten, die depressive Symptome entwickeln, einen schlechteren
Verlauf, besonders ein schlechteres funktionelles Behandlungsergebnis (motorische
Fähigkeiten, selbständige Teilnahmen an den Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens) zeigen.
Dieser Unterschied in der Beeinträchtigung zu einem vergleichbaren nicht-depressiven
Schlaganfallpatienten lässt sich auch nach mehreren Jahren noch nachweisen. Für eine
sich daraus ergebende Behandlungsnotwendigkeit ist nach dem aktuellen Stand der Literatur
sowohl der günstigste Zeitpunkt einer therapeutischen Intervention sowie deren Art
und Umfang jedoch noch unklar. Einzelnen Untersuchungen zufolge, die selten unter
den Bedingungen einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie erfolgten, zeigen sich
positive Effekte einer frühzeitigen medikamentösen Behandlung. Hier können neben den
Psychostimulanzien, die vorwiegend im US-amerikanischen Raum eingesetzt werden, und
den konventionellen trizyklischen Antidepressiva besonders die Gruppe der „ Selektiven
Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer” (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, SSRI) mit
einem breiten Einsatzspektrum bei älteren Patienten gute klinische Erfolge vorweisen.
Abstract
Depression occurs at least temporarily in up to 30 - 40 % of all patients that have
experienced a stroke. In the literature the term of a “Poststroke Depression” (PSD)
has already been established. However standardised criteria for this diagnoses do
not exist to this day. In most cases the DSM or ICD classification system is applied.
Other investigators used various psychiatric rating scales. Even though it is generally
acknowledged that there is a high prevalence, the occurrence of depression in combination
with a stroke fails in most cases to be diagnosed or is left untreated. The need for
treatment is even more pronounced by studies showing that a combination of stroke
and depression will result in a less favourable outcome, particularly pertaining to
that of functional treatment (motor skills, independent participation in activities
of daily life). This difference in impairment between a depressed stroke patient and
a not depressed stroke patient could be proven in studies that have been conducted
over years. Despite the necessity of treatment that can be concluded from such a finding,
the recent literature does not offer consistent information as to the ideal point
of time for intervention nor the kind and intensity necessitated. According to singular
studies, that have rarely been conducted under controlled conditions, there have been
positive outcomes after early treatment. Along with psychostimulants that were most
predominantly applied in the USA, as well as conventional tricyclic antidepressants,
the group of the “Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, SSRIs” have resulted in
particularly favourable clinical outcomes.
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Dr. med. W. Huff,MPH
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Klinikum der Universität zu Köln
Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9
50924 Köln
eMail: Wolfgang.Huff@t-online.de