Zusammenfassung:
Laut nationaler und internationaler Empfehlungen soll die bronchiale Sensitivität
gegenüber pharmakologischen Substanzen anhand der Abnahme der FEV1 um 20 % (FEV1 -
20) oder der Zunahme des im Ganzkörperplethysmographen gemessenen Atemwiderstandes
um 100 % (Raw + 100) ermittelt werden. Die Atemwiderstandsmessung mit der Unterbrechermethode
(Rint) ist apparativ einfach und ohne aktive Mitarbeit des Patienten möglich, wird
aber in diesem Zusammenhang nicht empfohlen. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war der Vergleich
der Verdoppelung von Rint (Rint + 100) mit Raw + 100 und FEV1 - 20 im Rahmen der bronchialen
Provokation mit Carbachol mittels Dosimetrie. Wir untersuchten 123 Patienten mit folgenden
Diagnosen: 85 × Husten, 31 × Husten und intermittierende Atemnot, 7 × Gutachten. Es
fanden sich signifikante Korrelationen zwischen Rint und Raw vor und nach der Provokation
(Rint vor/nach 0,3 ± 0,13/0,36 ± 0,25 kPa*s/l; Raw vor/nach 0,24 + 0,09/0,50 + 0,41
kPa*s/l; r = 0,504/0,672; p < 0,001 n. Pearson), allerdings waren die Mittelwerte
von Rint und Raw signifikant verschieden (p < 0,001 n. Wilcoxon). Zudem wich Rint
signifikant und systematisch von Raw in dem Sinne ab, dass Rint normale Atemwiderstände
überschätzte und die Zunahme der Widerstände während der Provokation unterschätzte
(r = 0,783; p < 0,001 n. Pearson).
Bei 21 der 58 hyperreaktiven Patienten kam es zu keinem Anstieg von Rint über den
Ausgangswert. Sensitivität/Spezifität/positiver Vorhersagewert/negativer Vorhersagewert
in % zur Erkennung eines hyperreaktiven Bronchialsystems betrugen für Rint + 100 9/95/63/54,
für FEV1 - 20 61/100/100/66 und für Raw + 100 98/100/100/98. Zusammenfassend ergaben
sich signifikante Korrelationen zwischen Rint und Raw, die absoluten Messwerte wichen
aber signifikant und systematisch voneinander ab. Die Sensitivität von Rint + 100
zur Erkennung einer bronchialen Hyperreaktivität war erheblich geringer als von FEV1
- 20 und von Raw + 100.
Airway Challenge Testing - Accuracy of the Interrupter Technique:
According to national and international recommendations the bronchial sensitivity
should be determined based on the decrease of the FEV1 by 20 % (FEV1 - 20) or the
increase of the airway resistance by means of body plethysmography by 100 % (Raw +
100). Measurement of airway resistance by interrupter technique (Rint) is a simple
method and needs no active cooperation of the patient, but is not recommended in airway
challenge testing. We investigated the role of the increase of Rint by 100 % (Rint
+ 100) compared to Raw + 100 and FEV1 - 20 during carbachol airway challenge testing
by means of dosimetry. We examined 123 patients with following symptoms: 85 × coughing,
31 × coughing and dyspnea, 7 × medical opinion. Significant correlations between Rint
and Raw were found before and after the challenge tests (Rint before/after 0,3 ± 0,13/0,36
± 0,25 kPa*s/l; Raw before/after 0,24 ± 0,09/0,50 ± 0,41 kPa*s/l; r = 0,504/0,672;
p < 0,001 [Pearson]). The median values of Rint and Raw were significantly different
(p < 0,001 [Wilcoxon]). Moreover Rint systematically overestimated airway resistance
in the normal range and underestimated the increase of airway resistance during challenge
testing (r = 0,783; p < 0,001 [Pearson]). In 58 patients an increased airway responiveness
was found. In 21 oft these patients there was no increase of Rint above the initial
value. Sensitivity/specifity/positive predictive value/negative predictive value in
% to the detection of airway hyperresponsiveness were in Rint + 100 9/95/63/54, in
FEV1 - 20 61/100/100/66 and in Raw + 100 98/100/100/98.
In conclusion we found significant correlations between Rint and Raw, but the median
values were systematically and significantly different. Rint + 100 had a low sensitivity
to detect airway hyperresponsiveness and is not comparable with FEV1 - 20 or Raw +
100.
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1 Erich Jaeger GmbH, D-97204 Höchberg
Dr. med. J. Schildge
St. Vincentius-Kliniken Karlsruhe gAG
Medizinische Klinik - Abteilung Pneumologie
Südendstraße 32
76137 Karlsruhe
Email: johannes.schildge@vincentius-ka.deInternet: www.vincentius-ka.de