Zusammenfassung
Ziele: Es sollen verschiedene Faktoren
aufgezeigt werden, die zu einer Stabilisierung der opioidabhängigen
Graviden führen und damit die Voraussetzung für die Fürsorge
ihrer Kinder schaffen. Methode: Die Patientinnen wurden
ambulant in einem standardisierten Setting entweder mit Methadon, retardiertem
Morphin oder Buprenorphin behandelt. Als Zielparameter für den Verbleib
des Kindes wurden der Zeitpunkt des Behandlungsbeginnes, die Retentionsrate,
die Dauer und Art der Opioiderhaltungstherapie sowie die Frequenz der Teilnahme
an der psychotherapeutischen Gruppe evaluiert. Patientinnen: Während des Untersuchungszeitraums von 42
Monaten wurden 113 schwangere opioidabhängige Frauen eingeschlossen.
Ergebnisse: Von 94 im Untersuchungszeitraum geborenen
Kindern waren zum Nacherhebungszeitpunkt noch 59,6 % der Kinder
(n = 56) in mütterlicher Sorge. Die Dauer der
Opioiderhaltungstherapie (p = 0,02) sowie die
frühzeitige therapeutische Intervention (p = 0,03)
und die Frequenz der Teilnahme an der Psychotherapie zeigten einen
signifikanten Einfluss auf den Verbleib des Kindes. Diskussion: Substanzabhängigen graviden Frauen sollte
ein frühzeitiger Behandlungsbeginn in einer multiprofessionellen
Betreuungseinrichtung ermöglicht werden und dafür gilt es,
Voraussetzungen zu schaffen.
Predictors for the Stabilization of Opioid Dependent Pregnant
Women with an Outlook onto Parental Care
Aims: The aim of our study was to perform an
analysis of different variables to determine which factors are responsible for
stabilizing pregnant addicts, so that they could keep their child.
Methods: All patients have been recruited through the
drug outpatient clinic and had access to a standardized setting, including
psychosocial and psychotherapeutical interventions. They were treated either
with methadone, slow-release morphine or buprenorphine. Outcome measures
whether the child can live with its own mother, were the time of enrolement,
the length of treatment period, type and duration of maintenance therapy as
well as attendance of psychotherapy. Patients: During
the investigational period of 42 months 61 pregnant opioid (DSM IV: 304.0) and
52 polysubstance (DSM IV: 304.8) dependent pregnant women were enroled in the
treatment program. Results: 94 children were born during
the investigation period. At the end of this time frame 59.6 %
(n = 56) of the children were still raised by their
mothers. Duration of involvement in a maintenance program with replacement
opioids (p = 0.02), as well as early intervention
(p = 0.03) had a significant influence towards retaining
custody of the child. In addition to successful pharmacological treatment,
psychosocial and psychotherapeutical services influenced the outcome in respect
of mothers keeping the child. Discussion: Special
training programs of health care professionals could support early intervention
and effective multiprofessional treatment that should be offered to each
pregnant addicted woman.
Schlüsselwörter
Schwangerschaft - Opioide - Substanzabhängigkeit - Psychotherapie - Elterliche
Sorge
Key
words
Pregnancy - Opioids - Substance
Dependence - Psychotherapy - Custody of the Child
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Univ.-Prof. Dr. Gabriele Fischer
Drogenambulanz
Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Psychiatrie,
Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie
AKH Wien
Währinger Gürtel 18-20
1090 Wien
Österreich
Email: gabriele.fischer@akh-wien.ac.at