Zusammenfassung
Zwischen 15 und 60 % der Patienten mit organüberschreitendem Prostatakarzinom entwickeln
nach der radikalen Prostatektomie einen PSA-Anstieg aus dem Nullbereich oder zeigen
einen persistierenden PSA oberhalb des Nullbereiches als Zeichen eines lokalen und/oder
systemischen Progresses. Durch die perkutane, 3-D-geplante Strahlentherapie mit Dosen
von 60 - 70 Gy kann in 30 - 70 % der Fälle der PSA-Wert wieder in den Nullbereich
gesenkt werden. 40 - 65 % dieser Patienten verbleiben auch nach 2 - 5 Jahren weiter
mit dem PSA-Wert im Nullbereich. Wenn eine Bestrahlungsindikation gestellt wird, sollte
der PSA-Wert möglichst niedrig, das heißt unter 2 ng/ml liegen. Bei höherem PSA-Wert
vor der RT sinkt die Rate an Patienten, die den PSA-Nullbereich wieder erreichen,
auf unter 35 % ab. Schwere Nebenwirkungen der 3-D-geplanten Bestrahlung sind selten
und liegen unter 3 %. Die primäre alleinige Hormontherapie bei PSA-Anstieg ist lediglich
eine, allerdings langfristige, palliative Maßnahme. Diese Hormontherapie kann auch
bei PSA-Anstieg nach Strahlentherapie noch eingesetzt werden. Möglicherweise ist die
perkutane Strahlentherapie bei dieser Patientengruppe der einzige kurative Therapieansatz,
die Nachbeobachtungszeiten müssen jedoch für endgültige Schlussfolgerungen verlängert
werden.
Abstract
Within 5 years following radical prostatectomy, 15 - 60 % of patients with pT3 prostate
carcinoma show increasing or persistently raised PSA values, a sign of local and/or
systemic tumor progression. Percutaneous, 3-dimensionally planned local irradiation
with a total dose of 60 - 70 Gy can reduce PSA to the undetectable range again in
30 - 70 %. Of these patients, 40 - 65 % remain within the undetectable level for 2
- 5 years after radiotherapy. PSA levels should be as low as possible (< 2 ng/ml)
when starting radiotherapy. With higher PSA levels, the chance of achieving an undetectable
PSA level again decreases to less than 35 % of the patients. Severe late side effects
of 3-D planned radiotherapy are infrequent (< 3 %). Primary hormonal treatment in
patients with increased PSA is longterm and only palliative in nature, with a median
time to the development of metastases of 4 - 7 years. This hormonal treatment can
also be given after failure of radiotherapy. Taking into consideration that the follow-up
periods for patients treated with radiotherapy for increased PSA after radical prostatectomy
are too short for final conclusions, it nevertheless appears that radiotherapy may
be the only measure with curative potential in selected patients.
Key words:
Prostate cancer - PSA (prostate specific antigen) increase - Radiotherapy
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Prof. Dr T Wiegel
Klinik für Strahlentherapie des Universitätsklinikums Benjamin Franklin
Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin