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Klinische Neurophysiologie 2001; 32(1): 1-9
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15408
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© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Ätiologische Abklärung einer Polyneuropathie

Etiological Clarification of PolyneuropathiesD. Heuss, M. Hecht
  • Neurologische Klinik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (Direktor: Prof. Dr. B. Neundörfer)
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Publication Date:
31 December 2001 (online)

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Etiological Clarification of Polyneuropathies

Polyneuropathies are characterized by a generalized damage of the peripheral nervous system. With respect to the pathogenesis polyneuropathies are differentiated into axonopathies, myelonopathies, neuronopathies and vasculopathies. History and clinical exam-ination are the most important steps to clarify the etiology. Additional information is obtained from the electrodiagnostic examination, laboratory tests and muscle as well as nerve biopsy. Up to 20 % of polyneuropathies remain etiologically unclear des-pite intensive diagnostic efforts. One third of these polyneuropathies can be clarified by follow-up examinations six to twelve months later.

Zusammenfassung

Unter einer Polyneuropathie (PNP) versteht man eine ausgebreitete Schädigung des peripheren Nervensystems. Formalpathogenetisch unterscheidet man Axonopathien, Myelinopathien, Neuronopathien und Vaskulopathien. Das wichtigste Instument für die ätiologische Zuordnung einer Polyneuropathie ist neben der Anamnese der klinische Untersuchungsbefund. Entscheidende Zusatzuntersuchungen sind klinisch-neurophysiologische Methoden, Laboruntersuchungen und die Muskel-/Nervenbiopsie. Trotz intensiver Diagnostik bleiben auch in größeren Fallzusammenstellungen bis zu 20 % der PNP ätiologisch unklar. Durch eine Nachuntersuchung nach ¿ bis 1 Jahr kann ein weiteres Drittel davon geklärt werden.

Key words

Polyneuropathy - Etiology electrodiagnostic exomination - Biopsy

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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Dieter Heuss

Neurologische Klinik mit Poliklinik der Universität Erlangen

Schwabachanlage 6

91054 Erlangen

Email: dieter.heuss@neuro.med.uni-erlangen.de

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