Effects of Saponins on the Water Solubility of Different Model Compounds

Abstract

The influence of saponins on the water solubility of compounds having poor aqueous solubility was investigated with the model compounds digitoxin, rutin and aesculin. The saponins that were tested represent the most abundant structural types. Only slight effects on aqueous solubility were obtained for all the model compounds. These effects include both enhancements and reductions in aqueous solubility depending on the saponin, the concentration of the saponin solution and the model compound. Structure-activity relationships of general significance were not observed. Hence, saponins generally should not be regarded as solubilizers.

Saponins - influence on water solubility - solubilizers

References

• 1 Brieskorn  C H.. Triterpenoide, physiologische Funktionen und therapeutische Eigenschaften.  Pharm. Zeit. 1987;;  16 161-81
• 2 Sasaki  Y,, Mizutani  K,, Kasai  R,, Tanaka  O.. Solubilizing properties of glycyrrhizin and its derivatives: solubilization of saikosaponin A, the saponin of Bupleuri Radix.  Chem. Pharm. Bull.. 1988;;  36 3491-5
• 3 Morita  T,, Nie  R L,, Fujino  H,, Ito  K,, Matsufuji  N,, Kasai  R,, Zhou  J,, Wu  C Y,, Yata  N,, Tanaka  O.. Saponins from Chinese curcubitaceous plants: solubilization of saikosaponin-a with hemslosides Ma2 and Ma3 and structure of hemsloside H, from Hemsleya chinensis.  Chem. Pharm. Bull.. 1986;;  34 401-5
• 4 Nakayama  K,, Fujino  H,, Kasai  R,, Mitoma  Y,, Yata  N,, Tanaka  O.. Solubilizing properties of saponins from Sapindus mukurossi Gaertn.  Chem. Pharm. Bull.. 1986;;  34 3279-83
• 5 Kasai  R,, Miyakoshi  M,, Matsumoto  K,, Nie  R,, Zhou  J,, Morita  T,, Tanaka  O.. Tubeimoside I, a new cyclic bisdesmoside from Chinese cucurbitaceous folk medicine “Tu Bei Mu”, a tuber of Bolbostemma paniculatum.  Chem. Pharm. Bull.. 1986;;  34 3974-7
• 6 Nie  R,, Tanaka  T,, Miyakoshi  M,, Kasai  R,, Morita  T,, Zhou  J,, Tanaka  O.. A triterpenoid saponin from Thladiantha hookeri var. pentadactyla. .  Phytochemistry. 1989;;  28 1711-5
• 7 Watanabe  K,, Fujino  H,, Morita  T,, Kasai  R,, Tanaka  O.. Solubilization of saponins of Bupleuri Radix with ginseng saponins: cooperative effect of dammarane saponins.  Planta Med.. 1988;;  54 405-9
• 8 Kimata  H,, Sumida  N,, Matsufuji  N,, Morita  T,, Ito  K,, Yata  N,, Tanaka  O.. Interaction of saponin of Bupleuri radix with ginseng saponin: solubilization of saikosaponin-a with chikusetsusaponin V (= ginsenoside-Ro).  Chem. Pharm. Bull.. 1985;;  33 2849-53
• 9 Zhou  X H,, Kasai  R,, Yoshikawa  M,, Kitagawa  I,, Tanaka  O.. Solubilization of saponins of Bupleuri Radix with ginseng saponins: effect of malonylginsenosides on water solubility of saikosaponin-b1.  Chem. Pharm. Bull.. 1991;;  39 1250-2
• 10 Tanaka  O.. Solubilizing properties of ginseng saponins.  Korean J. Ginseng Sci.. 1987;;  11 211-8
• 11 Schöpke  T,, Bartlakowski  J.. Effects of saponins on the water solubility of quercetin.  Pharmazie. 1997;;  52 232-4
• 12 Hiller  K,, Schöpke  T,, Wray  V,, Schulten  H R.. Zur Struktur der Hauptsaponine von Bellis perennis L.  Pharmazie. 1988;;  43 850-2
• 13 Schöpke  Th,, Wray  V,, Rzazewska  B,, Hiller  K.. Bellissaponins BA₁ and BA₂, acylated saponins from Bellis perennis L.  Phytochemistry. 1991;;  30 627-31
• 14 Schöpke  T,, Bartlakowski  J,, Hiller  K.. Critical micellar concentrations of a number of triterpenoid saponins of different structure types.  Pharmazie. 1995;;  50 771-2
• 15 Sachs  L.. Angewandte Statistik. Berlin - Heidelberg - New York:; Springer, 1997
• 16 Bortz  J.. Statistik. Berlin - Heidelberg - New York:; Springer, 1993