Neurological Complications of Windsurfing (Sailboarding)

ABSTRACT

This article presents a brief history of windsurfing, a relatively new recreational and competitive sport activity also known as sailboarding; a brief summary of physiologic studies of windsurfers; and a review of windsurfing injuries with a focus on the neurological complications of windsurfing.

KEYWORD

Windsurfing - sailboarding - nerve injury - brain injury - spinal cord injury

REFERENCES

• 1 Shephard R J. Biology and medicine of sailing: an update.  Sports Med . 1997;  23 350-355
• 2 Steponaitis A. The American Sailing Association's Lets Go Windsurfing.  New York: Hearst Marine Books 1994: 20-21
• 3 Winner K. Wind-Surfing.  Champagne, IL: Human Kinetics Publisher 1995: 7-8
• 4 Schonle C, Reickert H. Cardiovascular reactions during exhausting isometric exercise while windsurfing on a simulator or at sea.  Int J Sports Med . 1983;  4 260-264
• 5 Dyson R J, Buchanan M, Farington T A, Hurrion P D. Electromyographic activity during wind-surfing on water.  J Sports Sci . 1996;  14 125-130
• 6 Buchanan M, Cunningham P, Dyson R J, Hurrion P D. Electromyographic activity of beating and reaching during simulated boardsailing.  J Sports Sci . 1996;  14 131-137
• 7 Dunkelman N R, Collier F, Rook J L, Nagler W, Brennan M J. Pectoralis major muscle rupture in wind-surfing.  Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1994;  75 819-821
• 8 Ullis K C, Anno K. Injuries of competitive board sailors.  Physician Sports Med . 1984;  12 86-93
• 9 McCormick D P, Davis A L. Injuries in sailboard enthusiasts.  Br J Sports Med . 1988;  22 95-97
• 10 Salvi M, Velluti C, Concu A. Retrospective epidemiological evaluation of acute and overuse injuries of muscle and bone in windsurfers.  J Sports Traumatol Relat Res . 1997;  19 30-37
• 11 Habal M B. Athletic injuries caused by the new sport of wind-surfing and proposed preventive measures.  J Fla Med Assoc . 1986;  73 609-612
• 12 Novac P J, Bach B R, Schwartz J C. Diagnosing acute thigh compartment syndrome: case report.  Physician Sports Med. 1992;  20 100-103 107
• 13 Roukis T S, Hurless J S, Clark J R. Lisfranc fracture-dislocation in a wind-surfer (letter).  J Am Podiatry Med Assoc . 1996;  86 566-568
• 14 Myerson M S. The diagnosis and treatment of injuries to the Lisfranc joint complex.  Orthop Clin North Am . 1989;  20 655-664
• 15 Durkan J A. Knee injuries in sailboarding.  Physician Sports Med . 1990;  18 54-62
• 16 Witt J, Paaske B P, Jorgensen U. Injuries in windsurfing due to foot fixation.  Scand J Med Sci Sports . 1995;  5 311-312
• 17 Sadat-Al-Awami S M. Wind-surfing injury to axillary artery.  Br J Sports Med . 1985;  19 165-166
• 18 Patel M K, Abbott R J, Marshall W J. Spinal cord injury during wind-surfing.  Paraplegia . 1986;  24 191-193
• 19 Steward J D. Focal Peripheral Neuropathies.  2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1993
• 20 Kopell H P, Thomas W AL. Peripheral Entrapment Neuropathies.  Huntington, NY: Robert E Krieger Publishing Co; 1976
• 21 Sibilia K. Suprascapular nerve palsy in a young wind-surfer.  Physiother Sport . 1997;  20 16
• 22 Ciniglio M, Maffulli N, del Torto M. Transitory compression of the posterior interosseous nerve in windsurfers: a clinical and anatomical study.  Ann Sports Med . 1990;  5 81-84
• 23 Bassett F H, Nunley J A. Compression of the musculocutaneous nerve at the elbow.  J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1982;  64 1050-1052
• 24 Jablecki C K. Lateral antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy in a windsurfer.  Muscle Nerve . 1999;  22 944-945