Zusammenfassung
Die Transformation einer normalen in eine maligne Zelle erfolgt über einen Mehr-Schritt-Mechanismus,
der verschiedene molekulare und genetische Veränderungen beinhaltet. Diese molekularen
Veränderungen entstehen spontan oder werden durch Karzinogene wie z. B. Naphtylamine
(ein im Zugarettenrauch enthaltenes Karzinogen) ausgelöst. Diese Arbeit fasst einige
der wichtigsten molekularen und genetischen Veränderungen beim Blasenkarzinom zusammen.
Wie bei den meisten anderen malignen Erkrankungen wird auch Blasenkrebs durch eine
Häufung verschiedener molekularer Veränderungen ausgelöst. Durch Mutation oder chromosomale
Aberration kommt es zur veränderten Expression von Onkogenen (ras, erbB-2 und EGF-Rezeptor),
Tumor-Suppressor-Genen (Rb, p53), Zell-Zyklus-Genen (p15, p16) und DNA-Reparatur-Genen.
LOH der Chromosomen 9p und 9q hat sich als ein entscheidendes Ereignis bei der Transformation
von normalem Urothel zu papillärem Übergangszellkarzinom erwiesen, während p53 primär
bei der Entstehung des Carcinoma in situ von Bedeutung ist.
Abstract
The transformation of a normal into a malignant cell is a multi-step mechanism, which
involves various alterations on the molecular and genetic level. These molecular alterations
occur spontaneously or are induced by carcinogens (e. g. naphtylamine - a component
of cigarette smoke and one of the most important carcinogens leading to bladder tumor
carcinogenesis). This report summarizes some of the most important molecular and genetic
alterations in bladder cancer. As in most other malignancies the generation of bladder
cancer is caused by the accumulation of various molecular changes. The expression
of oncogenes (ras, erbB-2 and EGF receptor), tumor-suppressor genes (Rb, p53), cell-cycle
genes (p15, p16) and DNA-repair genes is altered mostly by mutation or chromosomal
abberation. Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 9p and 9q has been shown to be a
crucial event in the transition of normal urothelium to papillary transitional cell
carcinoma, while p53 is primarily involved in the development of carcinoma in situ.
Key words:
Urogenital neoplasms - Bladder neoplasms - Genetics
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Dr. med. Priv.-Doz. A. Böhle
Klinik für Urologie Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck
Ratzeburger Allee 160
23538 Lübeck
Phone: 0451 500 6112
Email: boehle@medinf.mu-luebeck.de
