Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2000; 21(2): 146-150
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-8870
Nutrition
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

Nutrition Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress in Professional Basketball Players: Effects of a Three Compound Antioxidative Supplement

H. Schröder1 , E. Navarro2,5 , A. Tramullas1 , J. Mora3 , D. Galiano4
  • 1 Sports Medicine Barcelona, Department of Sports Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
  • 2 CTC-IRO, Barcelona, Spain
  • 3 Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Fisioterapie, Valencia, Spain
  • 4 Direcciò General d'Esports, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Professional basketball players of the First Spanish League (ACB) are highly trained athletes performing high training loads and competition sessions. As intense physical activity has been suggested to increase free radical production, we examined the effects of a vitamin antioxidant mixture on the degree of oxidative stress in these athletes. Subjects received either 600 mg α-tocopherol, 1000 mg vitamin C and 32 mg β-carotene, or a placebo over 32 days during a regular competition season. Plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, vitamin C, β-carotene, retinol, lipoperoxides (LPO), and the total antioxidant status (TAS) were analysed before and after treatment. Lipoperoxide plasma levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the vitamin antioxidant supplemented group. The LPO/TAS ratio decreased about 15.3 % in this group indicating a reduction in oxidative stress. Vitamin C dropped dramatically (p < 0.03, mean 15.4 µmol/L) in the placebo group leading to a marginal plasma vitamin C concentration (from 11 to less than 28 µmol/L). The results of this study suggest that the administered vitamin antioxidant mixture decreases oxidative stress and avoids the development of a marginal vitamin C status in professional basketball player during habitual training.

Key words:

Antioxidants - basketball - exercise - oxidative stress - vitamin C

References

  • 1 Alessio H M, Goldfarb A H, Cao G. Exercise-induced oxidative stress before and after vitamin C supplementation.  Int J Sports Nutr. 1997;  7 1-9
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Armstrong D, Browns R. The analysis of free radicals, lipid peroxides, antioxidant enzymes and compounts related to oxidative stress as applied to the clinical chemistry laboratory. In: Armstrong D (ed) Free Radicals in Diagnostic Medicine. New York; Plenum Press 1994: 43-58
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 3 Bendich A L, Machun J, Scandurra O. The antioxidant role of vitamin C. Adv Free Radic Biol Med 1986: 419-444
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 4 Carbajal A, Nunez C, Moreieras O. Energy intake as a determinant factor of vitamin C status of healthy young woman.  Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1996;  66 227-231
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Colgan M. The effects of micronutrient supplementation on athletic performance. In: Katch FI (ed) Sport, Health, and Nutrition. Human Kinetics 1986: 21-50
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 6 Dekkers J, Van Doornen L JP, Kemper H CG. The role of antioxidant vitamins and enzymes in the prevention of exercise-induced muscle damage.  Sports Med. 1996;  21 213-238
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Demopoulos H B. Free radical pathology: Rationale and toxicology of antioxidants and other supplements in sports medicine and exercise science. In: Katch FI (ed) Sports, Health, and Nutrition. Human Kinetics 1986: 139-189
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 8 Dhariwal K, Hatzell W, Levine M. Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid measurements in human plasma and serum.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;  54 712-716
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Duthie G G, Robertson J D, Maughan R J, Morrice P C. Blood antioxidant status and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation following distance running.  Arch Biochem Biophys. 1990;  282 78-83
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Frei B, Stocker R, England L, Ames B N. Ascorbate: the most effective antioxidant in human blood plasma.  Adv Exp Med Biol. 1990;  264 155-163
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Gerster H. The role of vitamine C in athletic performance.  J Am Coll Nutr. 1989;  8 636-643
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Ginsburg G S, Agil A, O'Tool M, Rimm E, Douglas P S, Rifai N. Effects of a single bout of ultraendurance exercise on lipid levels and susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation in triathletes.  J Am Med Ass. 1996;  276 221-225
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Hemila H. Vitamin C and common cold incidence: a review of studies with subjects under heavy physical stress.  Int J Sports Med. 1996;  17 379-383
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Hodges R E. Ascorbic acid. In: Goodhart RS, Shils ME (eds) Modern nutrition in health and disease. Lea and Febiger 1980: 259-273
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 15 Jacob R A, Kelley D S, Pianalto F S, Swendseid M E, Henning S M, Zhang J Z, Ames B N, Fraga C G, Peters J H. Immunocompetence and oxidant defense during ascorbat depletion of healthy men.  Am H Clin Nutr. 1991;  54 1302
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Jakeman P, Maxwell S. Effects of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on muscle function after eccentric exercise.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993;  67 426-430
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Jialal I, Norkus E P, Cristol L, Grundy S M. Beta-carotene inhibits the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein.  Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991;  1086 134-138
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Kanter M M, Nolte L A, Holloszy J O. Effects of an antioxidant vitamin mixture at rest and postexercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1993;  74 965-969
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Key T JA, Oakes S, Davey G, Moore J, Edmond L M, McLoone U J, Thurnham D I. Stability of vitamins A, C, E, carotenoids, lipids, and testosterone in whole blood stored at 4 °C for 6 and 24 hours before separation of serum and plasma.  Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996;  5 811-814
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Maxwell S R, Jakeman P, Thomason H, Leguen C, Thorpe G H. Changes in plasma antioxidant status during eccentric exercise and the effect of vitamin supplementation.  Free Radic Res Commun. 1993;  19 191-201
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 McInnes S E, Carlson J S, Jones C J, McKenna M J. The physiological load imposed on basketball players during competition.  J Sports Sci. 1995;  13 387-397
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 McLemore J I, Beely P, Thorton K, Morrisroe K, Blackwell W, Dasgupta A. Rapid automated determination of lipid hydroperoxide concentrations and total antioxidant status of serum samples from patients infected with HIV.  Clin Chem. 1997;  109 268-273
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Meydani M, Evans W J, Handelman G, Biddle L, Fielding R A, Meydani S N, Burrill J, Fiatarone M A, Blumberg J B, Cannon J G. Protective effect of vitamin E on exercise-induced oxidative damage in young and older adults.  Am J Physiol. 1993;  264 998
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Nierenberg D W, Dain B J, Mott L A, Baron J A, Greenberg E R. Effects of a 4 y of oral supplementation with beta carotene on serum concentrations of retinol, tocopherol, and five carotenoids.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;  66 315-319
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Packer J E, Slater T F, Wilson R L. Direct observation of a free radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C.  Nature. 1979;  278 737-738
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Peters E M. Exercise, immunology and upper respiratory tract infections.  Int J Sports Med. 1997;  18 77
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Rokitzki L, Logemann E, Huber G, Keck E, Keul J. α-Tocopherol supplementation in racing cyclists during extreme endurance training.  Int J Sports Nutr. 1994;  4 253-264
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Rokitzki L, Logemann E, Sagredos A N, Murphy M, Wetzel-Roth W, Keul J. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative vitamins under extreme endurance stress.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1994;  151 149-158
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Rokitzki L, Hinkel S, Klemp C, Cufi D, Keul J. Dietary serum and urine ascorbic acid status in male athletes.  Int J Sports Med. 1994;  15 435-440
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Rokitzki L, Oelkers J, Porath B, Keul J. Simultane Bestimmung der fettlöslichen Vitamine Retinol und α-Tocopherol sowie des Provitamins β-Carotin mittels Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC). In: Höpker HR (ed) Würzburger Chromatographie-Gespräche. 1. Auflage. Freiburg; 1990: 50-52
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 31 Simon-Schnass J, Pabst H. Influence of vitamine E on physical performance.  Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1988;  38 49-54
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Sumida S, Tanaka K, Kitao H, Nakadomo F. Exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and leakage enzyme before and after vitamin E supplementation.  Int J Biochem. 1989;  21 835-838
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Van der Beek E J, van Dokkum W, Wedel M, Schrijver J, van den Berg H. Thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B6: impact of restricted intake on physical performance in man.  J Am Coll Nutr. 1994;  13 629-640
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Vasankari T J, Kujala U M, Vasankari T M, Vuorimaa T, Ahotupa M. Increased serum and low-density-lipoprotein antioxidant potential after antioxidant supplementation in endurance athletes.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;  65 1052-1056
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar

D. Ph. Helmut Schröder

Sports Medicine Barcelona Department of Nutrition

c/Lázaro Cárdena 9

E-08017 Barcelona

Spain

Phone: + 34 (93) 2018106

Fax: + 34 (93) 2213237

Email: helmuts@line.es