Neurobiologische Aspekte zur Ätiologie und Pathophysiologie der Zwangsstörung

Zusammenfassung

Die Zwangsstörung ist mit einer Prävalenz von 1 - 2 % eine häufige psychiatrische Erkrankung. Sie ist durch wiederkehrende Gedanken, Ideen und/oder wiederholt ablaufende Verhaltensweisen charakterisiert, die den Betroffenen erheblich belasten. Im letzten Jahrzehnt wurden unterschiedliche Modelle zur Pathophysiologie der Zwangsstörung entwickelt. In diesem Artikel werden drei verschiedene neurobiologische Modelle vorgestellt: 1. Modell der dysfunktionalen kortikostriatalen Regelkreise, 2. die zentrale Rolle der Amygdala, 3. neurochemisch-serotonerges Modell. Diese Modelle schließen sich nicht gegenseitig aus, sondern ergänzen sich und sollten am besten in ein biopsychosoziales Gesamtkonzept integriert werden. Die Erkenntnisse aus der Neurobiologie haben unmittelbare Auswirkungen auf die Weiterentwicklung von Diagnostik und Therapie der Zwangsstörung.

Neurobiological Aspects of the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness characterized by intrusive, repetitive thoughts and behaviours which cause marked distress. During the last decade, different models were developed for the pathophysiology of the obsessive-compulsive-disorder. Three different neurobiological models are introduced in this article: 1. model of dysfunctional kortikostriatal circuitry, 2. amygdalocentric model, 3. neurochemical model. These models don't exclude themselves mutually but supplement themselves and should ideally be integrated into a bio-psycho-social concept. Such increased understanding of the neurobiology can be translated into better diagnosis and treatment for those patients who suffer from obsessive-compulsive-disorder.

Key words

Obsessive-compulsive-disorder - Neurobiology - Pathophysiology

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