Zusammenfassung
Eine der größten Einschränkungen der modernen Kieferorthopädie ist die alveoläre Verankerung, da sich Zähne aufgrund der einwirkenden Kräfte bewegen. Osseointegrierte Implantate wurden für eine maximale Verankerung in der kieferorthopädischen Therapie beschrieben. Steht die Pars alveolaris zur Implantation nicht zur Verfügung, werden temporäre Implantate zur maxillären Verankerung in den harten Gaumen inseriert. Aufgrund des eingeschränkten Knochenangebotes erfordert diese Region eine andere Implantatgeometrie im Vergleich zu konventionellen Implantaten. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über die Möglichkeiten der präoperativen Diagnostik, über das chirurgische Vorgehen und die chirurgische Nachsorge zu geben, und über eigene Erfahrungen zu berichten. Die präoperative Diagnostik gliedert sich in die Beschreibung der Wertigkeit des lateralen Fernröntgens und des Protokolls der dentalen Computertomographie. Anhand dreier unterschiedlicher Implantatsysteme wird das chirurgische Vorgehen und die postoperative Nachsorge erläutert. Die Möglichkeit der Implantatverankerung mittels Transpalatinalbogen wird beschrieben. Abschließend werden die chirurgischen Möglichkeiten der Implantatentfernung dargestellt.
Abstract
One of the greatest limitations in modern orthodontics is toothborn anchorage, because teeth move in response to forces. Osseointegrated implants have been described as maximum anchorage aids for orthodontic therapy. If the alveolar ridge is not available for implantation temporary implants will be inserted in the palate for maxillary anchorage. The different bone morphology in the palatal region, however, imposes some restrictions to the implant geometry compared to conventional dental implants. It is the aim of this article to present an overview of the possibilities in preoperative diagnostics, surgical approach and recall. Additionally, own experiences are included. The preoperative diagnostics include a summary of the lateral cephalogram analysis and a description of the Dental-CT protocol. The possibility of anchorage control with implants and transpalatal bar is described. Surgical procedures and recall will be explained for three different implant systems. Finally, removal of the implant will be described.
Schlüsselwörter
Orthodontisches Gaumenimplantat - präoperative Diagnostik - chirurgisches Vorgehen - postoperative Nachsorge - maximale Verankerung
Key words
Orthodontic palatal implant - preoperative diagnostics - surgical procedure - postoperative recall - maximal anchorage
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Univ.-Ass. Dr. Thomas Bernhart
Abteilung für Orale Chirurgie
Universität für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde
Währingerstr. 25 a
A-1090 Wien
Tel.: +43-42 77-6 70 10
Fax: +43-42 77-6 70 19
Email: thomas.bernhart@univie.ac.at