Zusammenfassung
Die Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Anatomie, Pathophysiologie, Ätiologie und
Diagnose des Kompartment-Syndroms mit den daraus resultierenden ischämischen Muskelnekrosen
der oberen Extremität. Auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Kompartment-Syndrom und Infekt
wird hingewiesen. Während die Behandlung des manifesten Kompartment-Syndroms durchweg
in der operativen Eröffnung der betroffenen Faszienräume besteht, ist die Therapie
der ischämischen Muskelnekrose vielfältig. Sie richtet sich nach der Schwere und der
Lokalisation des Krankheitsbildes. Nur die mildeste Form kann mit nichtoperativen
Maßnahmen angegangen werden. Operativ kommen Neurolyse, Exzision von Nekrosen und
Narben, muskel- und sehnenverlängernde Maßnahmen, Sehnentranspositionen, bis hin zur
freien mikrovaskulär angeschlossenen Muskeltransplantation in Betracht. Nur wenn alle
Behandlungsoptionen zur Verfügung stehen, kann der Chirurg den für den einzelnen Patienten
günstigsten Behandlungsweg wählen.
Summary
This article gives an overview of anatomy, pathophysiology, aetiology, and diagnosis
of the compartment syndrome and the resulting ischaemic necrosis of the upper extremity.
The relation between compartment syndrome and infection is pointed out. Whereas the
therapy of a manifest compartment syndrome is rather uniform consisting in decompression
of the involved fascial compartment, the treatment of the ischaemic muscle necrosis
is manifold. It depends upon severity and location of the disease. Only the mildest
involvement can be treated by nonoperative measures. Surgically, neurolysis, excision
of necrotic musculature and scar, muscular slide, elongating tenotomy, tendon transposition
and free vascularized muscle transplantation have to be considered. Only the availability
of all treatment options gives the surgeon the choice of treatment that fits the demands
of the individual patient best.
Schlüsselwörter
Kompartment-Syndrom - Ischämische Muskelnekrose - Volkmannsche Kontraktur - Pathophysiologie
- Diagnostik - Therapie
Key words
Compartment syndrome - ischaemic muscle necrosis - Volkmann's contracture - pathophysiology
- diagnosis - therapy
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Prof. Dr. med. Ulrich Lanz
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