Zusammenfassung.
Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren (GIST) bilden eine extrem seltene Gruppe von Tumoren,
die vorwiegend muskuläre Varianten wie Leiomyome, Leiomyosarkome sowie Leiomyoblastome
umfasst. Mit der Einführung immunhistochemischer Untersuchungen können diese Tumoren
in eine epitheloide und eine autonom-neurale Variante näher differenziert werden.
In dieser Übersicht werden anhand von fünf eigenen Beobachtungen seit 1997 die Möglichkeiten
der radiologischen Diagnostik dieser Tumoren in Zusammenhang mit der Pathologie retrospektiv
analysiert und ausgewertet. Pathognomonische Bildcharakteristika für gastrointestinale
Stromatumoren gibt es nicht; am ehesten sollte man diese Tumoren in die Differentialdiagnose
einschließen, wenn große, rundliche, meist glatt begrenzte Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltrakts
- einzeln oder multipel - in Kombination mit zentralen Nekrosen auftreten. Eine besondere
syndromale Kopplung eines gastrointestinalen Stromatumors (Originalbeschreibung: Leiomyosarkom
des Magens) mit einem extraadrenalen Paragangliom und einem pulmonalen Chondrom stellt
das Carney-Syndrom dar: Bei diesem nur in wenigen Fällen in der Literatur dokumentierten
Syndrom liefert die radiologische Bildgebung einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Nachweis
oder Ausschluss eines - simultanen oder auch zweizeitigen - Auftretens von mindestens
zwei der drei Tumorentitäten (GIST, extraadrenales Paragangliom, pulmonales Chondrom).
Radiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and one new case of Carney's syndrome.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) represent an extremely rare group of tumors,
which are mostly of smooth muscle origin like leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas and leiomyoblastomas.
With the introduction of immunohistochemical analysis an epitheloid and an autonomic
nerve variant can be distinguished. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the
image morphological appearance of these rare tumors together with the pathology based
upon a retrospective analysis of five of our own cases since 1997. There are no pathognomonic
imaging findings for characterizing a gastrointestinal stromal tumor; however, it
should be included in the differential diagnosis if one or multiple large, round or
oval, well-delineated gastrointestinal tumors occur in combination with central necrosis.
Carney's syndrome is characterized by the syndromal association of a gastrointestinaI
stromal tumor (originally: gastric leiomyosarcoma) with an extra-adrenal paraganglioma
and a pulmonary chondroma. In this rare syndrome, the radiological approach is important
to diagnose or rule out the - simultaneous or consecutive - appearance of at least
two of the three tumor entities (GIST, extra-adrenal paraganglioma, pulmonary chondroma).
Schlüsselwörter:
Gastrointestinaltrakt, Neoplasien - gastrointestinaler Stromatumor (GIST) - Carney
Syndrom - Paragangliom - Computertomographie (CT)
Key words:
Gastrointestinal tract, Neoplasms - Gastrointestinal tract, CT - Gastrointestinal
stromal tumor (GIST) - Carney complex - Paraganglioma
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