Zusammenfassung
Gewebsplasminogenaktivator (t-PA) gilt heutzutage als das wirksamste und zugleich
sicherste Fibrinolytikum. t-PA findet klinische Anwendung insbesondere zur Thrombolyse
bei akutem Myokardinfarkt, ischämischem Schlaganfall, tiefer Beinvenenthrombose, Lungenembolie
sowie bei verschiedenen embolischen arteriellen Verschlüssen. Kontrollierte Studien
zur Verwendung von t-PA in der Mikrochirurgie und bei freier Gewebeübertragung fehlen
jedoch. Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung der Wirkung von t-PA auf die Perfusion
von Muskellappen nach einem thrombogenen Geschehen an der zuführenden Arterie. 24
männliche Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurden in vier experimentelle Gruppen mit je sechs
Tieren unterteilt. In Gruppe 1 wurde der M. cremaster als gestielter Muskellappen
isoliert. In Gruppe 2 folgte der Muskeldissektion eine semizirkuläre thrombogene invertierende
Naht an der ipsilateralen A. iliaca communis. Gruppe 3 erhielt nach der invertierenden
Naht eine lokale intraarterielle t-PA-Infusion und Gruppe 4 ausschließlich eine Infusion
des Vehikels. Nach 24 Stunden wurden hämodynamische Parameter in den Muskellappen
mittels intravitaler Mikroskopie gemessen. Nach invertierender Naht nahm die Kapillarperfusion
signifikant von 6,23 (Gruppe 1) auf 1,50 perfundierte Kapillaren je Gesichtsfeld (Gruppe
2) ab (Mediane). Nach t-PA-Applikation wurde die Kapillarperfusion signifikant wiederhergestellt
von 1,50 (Gruppe 2) und 2,50 (Gruppe 4) auf 6,00 (Gruppe 3) (Mediane). Durch Erhaltung
der kapillären Perfusion vermag t-PA die Überlebensrate von Muskellappen zu erhöhen.
Summary
Currently, tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the most potent and nevertheless
safe fibrinolytic in clinical use. Its indications are fibrinolysis in acute myocardial
infarction, ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, as well
as different kinds of peripheral arterial embolism. However, controlled studies on
the effect of t-PA in microsurgery and free tissue transplantation are lacking. This
study was designed to evaluate the effect of tissue-plasminogen activator on skeletal
muscle flap perfusion after a thrombogenic stimulus. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were
divided into four experimental groups of six animals each. In group 1, the cremaster
was isolated as an end organ flap, in group 2 after cremaster isolation a semicircular
inverted suture as a thrombogenic insult was performed at the ipsilateral common iliac
artery. In group 3, local t-PA infusion followed the inverted suture and in group
4, vehicle was infused. After 24 hours, we measured cremaster muscle flap hemodynamics
using intravital microscopy. Capillary perfusion significantly decreased after the
inverted suture from 6.23 (group 1) to 1.50 (group 2) functional capillaries per visual
field (medians). t-PA significantly increased capillary perfusion after the thrombogenic
insult from 1.50 (group 2) and 2.50 (group 4) to 6.00 (group 3) (medians). Restoring
capillary perfusion after a thrombogenic insult t-PA may increase flap survival rates.
Schlüsselwörter
Mikrovaskuläre Thrombose - intravitale Mikroskopie - Cremaster-Muskellappen-Modell
der Ratte - kapilläre Perfusion - t-PA - Gewebsplasminogenaktivator
Key words
Microvascular thrombosis - intravital microscopy - rat cremaster muscle flap model
- capillary perfusion - t-PA - tissue-plasminogen activator
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1 Die vorliegende wissenschaftliche Arbeit wurde von der Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH,
der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven
und Gefäße (DAM) und der Albert-J.B.-Sturm-Stiftung für Handchirurgische Forschung
finanziell unterstützt.
Dr. med. Björn D. Krapohl
An der Untertrave 81 - 83
23552 Lübeck
Phone: E-mail: SnowNessi@bigfoot.com