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DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1813717
Diagnostic Challenges in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Hemorrhagic Presentations and Differential Hypotheses
Desafios diagnósticos na trombose venosa cerebral: Apresentações hemorrágicas e hipóteses diferenciaisAuthors
Abstract
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare, often underdiagnosed condition marked by the formation of thrombi in the cerebral veins and sinuses, which can lead to various clinical symptoms, such as headaches, seizures, and, in some cases, intracranial hemorrhage. This case study presents a 35-year-old hypertensive woman with sudden headache, loss of consciousness, and seizures, who was subsequently diagnosed with CVT complicated by interhemispheric hemorrhage, a rare and challenging presentation. The initial imaging showed frontal interhemispheric hemorrhage and hypodensities, with no arterial abnormalities. Cerebral angiography confirmed CVT due to the absence of opacification in the sagittal sinuses. Treatment involved complete anticoagulation despite hemorrhage, following current guidelines to prevent further thrombotic events. The patient also received anticonvulsants and nimodipine to control seizures and prevent vasospasm, along with close neurological monitoring and blood pressure control. Pneumatic compression was applied to avoid venous thromboembolism due to immobility. This case highlights the diagnostic complexities of CVT, especially when hemorrhage is involved, emphasizing the importance of early, individualized treatment to improve patient outcomes.
Resumo
A trombose venosa cerebral (TVC) é uma condição rara, muitas vezes subdiagnosticada, marcada pela formação de trombos nas veias e seios da face cerebrais, que pode levar a diversos sintomas clínicos, como dores de cabeça, convulsões e, em alguns casos, hemorragia intracraniana. Este estudo de caso apresenta uma mulher hipertensa de 35 anos com cefaleia súbita, perda de consciência e convulsões, que posteriormente foi diagnosticada com TVC complicada por hemorragia inter-hemisférica, uma apresentação rara e desafiadora. A imagem inicial mostrou hemorragia inter-hemisférica frontal e hipodensidades, sem anormalidades arteriais. A angiografia cerebral confirmou a TVC pela ausência de opacificação nos seios sagitais. O tratamento envolveu anticoagulação completa, apesar da hemorragia, seguindo as diretrizes atuais para evitar novos eventos trombóticos. O paciente também recebeu anticonvulsivantes e nimodipina para controlar convulsões e prevenir vasoespasmo, juntamente com monitoramento neurológico rigoroso e controle da pressão arterial. A compressão pneumática foi aplicada para evitar tromboembolismo venoso devido à imobilidade. Este caso destaca as complexidades diagnósticas da TVC, especialmente quando a hemorragia está envolvida, enfatizando a importância do tratamento precoce e individualizado para melhorar os resultados dos pacientes.
Keywords
cerebral venous thrombosis - intracranial hemorrhages - thrombophilia - anticoagulants - seizures - neuroimagingPalavras-chaves
trombose venosa cerebral - hemorragias intracranianas - trombofilia - anticoagulantes - convulsões - neuroimagemPublication History
Received: 29 October 2024
Accepted: 09 September 2025
Article published online:
29 December 2025
© 2025. Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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