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CC BY 4.0 · Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1811213
Original Article

Age-Dependent Skeletal Muscle Response to Mechanical Injury Under Halothane Anesthesia in Rats: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Umurov B. Fayzillayevich 
1   Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
,
Tilavov T.B. Ugli 
2   Department of Histology, Cytology and Embriology, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
,
Khasanova D. Akhrorovna 
3   Department of Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy of Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
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Funding This work was supported by Bukhara State Medical Institute.
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Abstract

Background

Skeletal muscle regeneration following traumatic injury is influenced by age, anesthetic exposure, and systemic inflammatory responses. We aimed to evaluate the morphological changes in skeletal muscle tissue after mechanical injury under halothane inhalation anesthesia in rats of different ages.

Materials and Methods

A total of 120 male Wistar rats aged 3, 6, and 12 months were subjected to closed soft tissue injury in the right hindlimb. Following trauma, all animals received halothane (10 ppm) as general inhalation anesthesia. Muscle biopsies were collected at 24, 72, and 168 hours postinjury. Histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical assessments were conducted to evaluate muscle fiber edema, inflammatory infiltration, degenerative changes, and tissue regeneration.

Results

Age significantly influenced the severity and progression of morphological changes. Younger rats (3 months) exhibited faster recovery, with reduced inflammation and earlier onset of regeneration. Older rats (12 months) showed delayed and prolonged inflammation, more severe degeneration, and slower regenerative activity. The 6-month-old group demonstrated intermediate responses.

Conclusion

Halothane anesthesia, combined with mechanical trauma, reveals age-dependent differences in skeletal muscle recovery. Younger animals exhibit more efficient regenerative responses, highlighting the impact of age on postinjury healing and inflammatory modulation in skeletal muscle tissue.

Keywords

age-related response - experimental trauma - halothane anesthesia - immunohistochemistry - morphological changes - skeletal muscle injury - Wistar rats

Data Availability Statement

No data sets were generated or analyzed during the current study.


Authors' Contributions

U.B.F. and T.T.B. wrote the manuscript. K.D.A. reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.


Ethical Approval

This study was reviewed and approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Bukhara State Medical Institute on April 4, 2025 (Protocol No. 5044, Bukhara city), submitted by Bobirjon Fayzillayevich Umurov (specialty 14.00.02–Morphology), under the supervision of Prof. D.A. Khasanova (DSc in Medical Sciences). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.


Patients' Consent

All necessary documentation was provided, and ethical standards for conducting preclinical studies were confirmed. The Committee recommended the initiation of the research.




Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
25. August 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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