PDF icon PDF herunterladen
Open Access
CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1810069
Original Article

Evaluation of Saussurea costus Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Periodontitis: Impact on NF-κB and TNF-α Expression

Azzahra Salsabila Adira Moelyanto
1   Magister Program for Dental Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Ira Arundina
2   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Theresia Indah Budhy
3   Department of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo 
4   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Aqsa Sjuhada Oki
2   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Cheng Hwee Ming
5   Department Physiology, Faculty of Medicine. University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
› Institutsangaben
Funding This study was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia 2024 in the Schema Penelitian Tesis Magister, with assigned contract number 040/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024 and 1629/B/UN3.LPPM/PT.01.03/2024.
› Weitere Informationen
Auch verfügbar aufeRef
  Lizenzen und Reprints
Preview

Abstract

Objectives

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major contributing pathogen in periodontitis and triggers an inflammatory response that leads to tissue damage, primarily through the activation of proinflammatory cytokines such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Saussurea costus, a medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory properties, offers a potential alternative to prevent inflammation. This study explores the effects of S. costus nanoparticles on inflammation in periodontitis, specifically examining their ability to reduce the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α.

Materials and Methods

Twenty male Wistar rats were injected with P. gingivalis into the central incisor region of the mandible to induce periodontitis. The rats were then treated with S. costus nanoparticles, alongside a control group. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α at two time points: 2 and 5 days posttreatment. Bone and lower anterior gingival sulcus tissues were analyzed for immunohistochemical expression of these markers.

Statistical Analysis

Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results

Treatment with S. costus nanoparticles resulted in significantly lower expressions of NF-κB and TNF-α compared with the control group at both 2 and 5 days posttreatment (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The S. costus nanoparticles effectively reduced NF-κB and TNF-α expression in periodontitis, with a more pronounced effect observed on day 5 compared with day 2, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in managing periodontal inflammation.

Keywords

nanoparticles - Saussurea costus - NF-κB - TNF-α - inflammation


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
07. August 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India