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CC BY 4.0 · Indian Journal of Neurotrauma
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809896
Letter to the Editor

Hemorrhagic Complications Associated with External Ventricular Drain Placement

Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar 
1   Department of Research, Colombian Clinical Research Group in Neurocritical Care, Bogota, Colombia
2   Department of Research, AV Healthcare Innovators, LLC, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
,
Md Moshiur Rahman 
3   Department of Neurosurgery, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Tariq Janjua 
4   Department of Neurology, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
,
William A. Florez-Perdomo 
5   International Consortium of Neurological Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
,
Amit Agrawal 
6   Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Introduction

Effective management of EVDs is essential for treating patients with severe traumatic brain injuries, intracranial hemorrhages, subarachnoid hemorrhages, and hydrocephalus. EVDs provide a temporary CSF diversion, thus alleviating intracranial pressure (ICP) and preventing secondary brain injuries.[1] [2] Despite their benefits, EVDs pose risks, including tract hemorrhage, infection, and catheter malposition.[3] Tract hemorrhage is the most critical hemorrhagic complication, as it can result in neurological deficits, extended hospital stays, and the necessity for further surgical procedures.[4] Significant hemorrhages may cause elevated ICP, midline shift, or neurological deterioration.[5] Subclinical bleeding is also linked to ventriculitis, requiring a thorough evaluation and management of EVD related hemorrhages.[6]



Publication History

Article published online:
26 June 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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