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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809528
Original Article

Hydrogel and Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin: A Synergistic Approach to Osteogenesis

Kent Sidharta
1   Clinical Dentistry Magister Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
,
Suryono Suryono
2   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
,
Mardha Ade Pritia
1   Clinical Dentistry Magister Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
,
Kwartarini Murdiastuti 
2   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
› Author Affiliations
Funding This work was supported by the Final Project Recognition Grant from Gadjah Mada University under Grant Number 5075/UN1.P.II/Dit-Lit/PT.01.01/2023. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Directorate of Research, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
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Abstract

Objective

Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) features a higher concentration of growth factor and lower viscosity compared with PRF, making it advantageous for periodontal regenerative therapy. However, its low mechanical property and high degradation rate cause its limited usage in bone augmentation. Hydrogel interacts with i-PRF, which is expected to replace bone graft considering its disadvantages. Through the synergistic effects of the materials, a sustained release of growth factor is achieved, promoting bone formation and maturation.

Materials and Methods

Osteogenic markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, were measured at intervals of 1, 7, 14, and 21 days using osteoblast-like cells. In vivo study using the extraction socket of Wistar rat applied with the same material was also done and measured at 21 and 42 days. The study included three groups: hydrogel i-PRF, bone graft (FDBA) i-PRF, and a control (blank hydrogel) group. Measurements utilized ALP staining and Alizarin red S assays for the in vitro study and bone dimension for the in vivo study.

Results

Hydrogel i-PRF significantly enhanced ALP activity on days 7 and 14 compared with the bone graft i-PRF and control groups (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, calcium deposition was notably higher in the hydrogel i-PRF group on days 14 and 21. Hydrogel i-PRF also preserves the bone dimension of the rat's extraction socket compared with bone graft i-PRF. These findings highlight the superior bone regeneration capacity of the hydrogel when combined with i-PRF, attributed to enhanced osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization mediated by PDGF and BMP bound to collagen fibrils.

Conclusion

Hydrogel with i-PRF exhibits improved osteogenic capability compared with bone grafts, showing promise as an alternative material for periodontal regenerative applications.

Keywords

hydrogel - injectable platelet-rich fibrin - ALP activity - calcium deposition - bone dimension


Publication History

Article published online:
23 June 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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