Open Access
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · International Journal of Epilepsy
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809434
Review Article

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies: Progress in Understanding and Clinical Implications

K. P. Vinayan
1   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
,
Ankit Panday
2   Department of Pediatric Neurology, MRR Children Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India
,
Nikitha Rafeek
3   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rajagiri Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India
,
4   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Apollo BGS Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
,
Vaishakh Anand
1   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
› Institutsangaben
Preview

Abstract

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of complex pediatric epilepsies associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and multiaxial neurological morbidities. The understanding of DEE has evolved from its initial genetic underpinnings, to a clinically driven term encompassing a broader group of etiologies. Although individually rare, the DEEs constitute a sizeable group of pediatric epilepsies. It is especially important to recognize treatable or modifiable entities in this group. This review attempts to highlight the progress in understanding, along with the evolution of the conceptual framework of DEEs. A summary of the currently well-established DEE syndromes is provided along with available precision therapies, which might help the treating physician in the appropriate evaluation and management of the affected children.



Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
11. August 2025

© 2025. Indian Epilepsy Society. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India