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CC BY 4.0 · European Journal of General Dentistry
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809366
Original Article

Associations between Sagittal, Transversal, and Vertical Planes with Dental Anomalies in Pretreatment Orthodontic Patients of Kosovo

Mimoza Selmani
1   Faculty of Dentistry, AAB College, Prishtina, Kosovo
,
Manushaqe Selmani Bukleta
2   Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medical Science, “Rezonanca,” Pristina, Kosovo
3   Department of Prosthetics, Dental Clinic, Mdent Family Dentistry, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study was to compare the different types of malocclusions in the sagittal, transverse, and vertical planes and to assess their association with dental anomalies such as hypodontia, ectopic eruption, and anterior and posterior crossbite.

Materials and Methods

The sample population was selected from orthodontic specialty clinics in Pristina, Kosovo. The study was conducted by recruiting 617 patients; 377 (61%) were female and 240 (39%) were male. The following occlusal relationships (regarding Angle's classification) were assessed during the examination of study casts: molar and canine sagittal relationships and coincidence of incisal midlines. Malocclusion in the transverse plane, vertical plane, and anterior and posterior crowding in both jaws was examined.

Results

In the sagittal plane, the majority of both females (45.6%) and males (42.9%) belonged to class I. However, males had a higher proportion in class III (22.5) compared with females (16.4%). In the transversal plane, the upper midline was predominantly on the right side for both genders. For the lower midline, both genders showed almost a similar distribution. The vertical plane analysis indicated that deep bite is more common in males (31.7%) than females (30.2%). In contrast, females had a slightly higher occurrence of open bite (15.9%) compared with males (11.7%). Regarding dental anomalies, hypodontia affected a higher percentage of males (13.8%) compared with females (12.2%).

Conclusion

In the sagittal plane, class I is common in both genders, while the males show higher class III prevalence. In the transversal plane, upper midline deviation to the right is slightly more frequent in females. Regarding vertical plane, deep bite is somewhat more prevalent in males, whereas open bite is more common in females.

Keywords

malocclusion - dental anomalies - crowding - crossbite - sagittal plane - transversal plane


Publication History

Article published online:
14 July 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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