RSS-Feed abonnieren
PDF herunterladen
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809335
Diagnostic performance of the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery-Indonesian version in detecting cognitive impairment
Abstract
Background
Neuropsychological and functional assessments are crucial for identifying the transition from healthy aging to dementia. While brief cognitive batteries have become popular for their practicality, most have been developed in high-income countries, neglecting the diverse educational backgrounds found in developing nations.
Objective
This study focuses on the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) adapted for Indonesia (BCSB-INA), aiming to investigate its diagnostic accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment among older adults.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Memory Clinic of Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital from January to August 2024, including participants aged 50 and above. Subjects underwent cognitive assessments using MoCA-INA and BCSB-INA. Data analysis involved ROC curves to evaluate the tests' accuracy.
Results
A total of 140 subjects were included, with significant differences in cognitive test scores between those with cognitive impairment and normal individuals. The BCSB-INA demonstrated good diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.875 when including the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and 0.810 without it. The development of a multivariate model further enhances its diagnostic capabilities, allowing for more tailored intervention strategies.
Conclusion
The BCSB-INA represents an important improvement in cognitive assessment for older adults in Indonesia, showing good sensitivity and specificity. Continued research and updates to cognitive assessment tools are crucial to meet the increasing demand for effective dementia screening in diverse populations.
Authors' Contributions
Conceptualization: FIF, DN; Data curation: OAD; Formal analysis: FIF, DN; Validation: FIF; Visualization: FIF; Writing - original draft: FIF; Writing - review & editing: DN, RN, PC; Investigation: FIF, OAD; Project administration: OAD; Resources: FIF; Supervision: FIF.
Data Availability Statement
The data supporting the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.
Editor-in-Chief: Hélio A. G. Teive 0000-0003-2305-1073.
Associate Editor: Leonardo Cruz de Souza 0000-0001-5027-9722.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 20. November 2024
Angenommen: 11. Februar 2025
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
01. Juni 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua Rego Freitas, 175, loja 1, República, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01220-010, Brazil
Fasihah Irfani Fitri, Dina Nazriani, Octaviasari Agatha Dachi, Ricardo Nitrini, Paulo Caramelli. Diagnostic performance of the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery-Indonesian version in detecting cognitive impairment. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2025; 83: s00451809335.
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809335
-
References
- 1 Velayudhan L, Ryu SH, Raczek M. et al. Review of brief cognitive tests for patients with suspected dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2014; 26 (08) 1247-1262
- 2 Mattke S, Batie D, Chodosh J. et al. Expanding the use of brief cognitive assessments to detect suspected early-stage cognitive impairment in primary care. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19 (09) 4252-4259
- 3 Chun CT, Seward K, Patterson A, Melton A, MacDonald-Wicks L. Evaluation of Available Cognitive Tools Used to Measure Mild Cognitive Decline: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 13 (11) 3974
- 4 Garuma D, Lamba D, Abessa TG, Bonnechère B. Advancing public health: enabling culture-fair and education-independent automated cognitive assessment in low- and middle-income countries. Front Public Health 2024; 12: 1377482
- 5 Bernstein Sideman A, Al-Rousan T, Tsoy E. et al. Facilitators and Barriers to Dementia Assessment and Diagnosis: Perspectives From Dementia Experts Within a Global Health Context. Front Neurol 2022; 13: 769360
- 6 Nitrini R, Lefèvre BH, Mathias SC. et al. [Neuropsychological tests of simple application for diagnosing dementia]. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr 1994; 52 (04) 457-465 Doi: × 1994000400001
- 7 Nitrini R, Mathias SC, Caramelli P. et al. Evaluation of 100 patients with dementia in São Paulo, Brazil: correlation with socioeconomic status and education. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1995; 9 (03) 146-151
- 8 Fichman-Charchat H, Miranda CV, Fernandes CS. et al. Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) is a very useful tool for diagnosis of probable mild Alzheimeŕs disease in a geriatric clinic. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr 2016; 74 (02) 149-154 Doi: × 20150202
- 9 Nitrini R, Caramelli P, Porto CS. et al. Brief cognitive battery in the diagnosis of mild Alzheimer's disease in subjects with medium and high levels of education. Dement Neuropsychol 2007; 1 (01) 32-36
- 10 Nitrini R, Bucki SMD, Yassuda MS, Fichman HC, Caramelli P. The Figure Memory Test: diagnosis of memory impairment in populations with heterogeneous educational background. Dement Neuropsychol 2021; 15 (02) 173-185
- 11 Yassuda MS, da Silva HS, Lima-Silva TB. et al. Normative data for the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery stratified by age and education. Dement Neuropsychol 2017; 11 (01) 48-53
- 12 Fitri FI, Naci L, Turana Y. et al. Modified Brief Cognitive Screening Battery - Indonesian Version: cross-cultural adaptation and normative data based on demographic factors in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Front Neurol 2024; 14: 1306356
- 13 Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V. et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53 (04) 695-699
- 14 Husein N, Silvia L, Yetty R. . dkk. Uji Validitas dan Reabilitas Montreal Cognitive Assessment Versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina) Untuk Skrining Gangguan Fungsi Kognitif. Neurona Neuro Sains 2010; 27 (04) 15-22
- 15 Prasetyo BT, Lumempouw SF, Ramli Y. Herqutanto. Nilai normal Montreal Cognitive Assessment versi Indonesia. Neurona; 2011: 29
- 16 Takada LT, Caramelli P, Fichman HC. et al. Comparison between two tests of delayed recall for the diagnosis of dementia. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr 2006; 64 (01) 35-40 Doi: × 2006000100008
- 17 Peles PRH, Salvador LS, Souza LC, Caramelli P. Accuracy of the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease defined by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and AT(N) classification: a case-control study. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr 2022; 80 (01) 23-29
- 18 Ong PA, Annisafitrie FR, Purnamasari N. et al. Dementia Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Lifestyle Among Jatinangor Elders. Front Neurol 2021; 12: 643480
- 19 Fitri FI, Farina N, Turana Y. et al. Modifiable risk factors for dementia in Indonesia: Results from STRiDE project. Neurol Asia 2023; 28 (04) 1009-1017
- 20 Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY. et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission. Lancet 2024; 404 (10452): 572-628
- 21 Stern Y. Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11 (11) 1006-1012
- 22 Meng X, D'Arcy C. Education and dementia in the context of the cognitive reserve hypothesis: a systematic review with meta-analyses and qualitative analyses. PLoS One 2012; 7 (06) e38268