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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1806964
Original Research

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteodifferentiation after Exposure to Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramic Granules with 300 to 600 and 600 to 1,000 µm Sizes

Pamela Handy Cecilia
1   Doctoral Program of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Ida Bagus Narmada
2   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Rini Devijanti Ridwan
3   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Diah Savitri Ernawati
4   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Taufan Bramantoro
5   Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Devi Rianti
6   Department of Dental Material, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Khairul Anuar Shariff 
7   School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
,
Wibi Riawan 
8   Department of Biomolecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
,
Putri Cahaya Situmorang
9   Biology Study Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
,
Alexander Patera Nugraha
2   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Abstract

Objective

Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a synthetic graft material with excellent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity. β-TCP may induce adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) osteodifferentiation. This study aims to investigate the osteoinductivity of 300 to 600 and 600 to 1,000μm β-TCP in ADMSCs.

Materials and Methods

ADMSCs were obtained from the visceral adipose tissue of young male rabbits. To determine the osteoinductive ability, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2), Osterix, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin, and osteonectin expression was examined using an immunochemical assay on ADMSCs conditioned with an osteogenic medium and a β-TCP bioceramic with granule sizes of 300 to 600 and 600 to 1,000 µm (100 ng diluted to 100 nmol as the final concentration). A 3,3′-diaminobenzidine staining kit was used for immunocytochemical staining. Anti-BMP-2, anti-Osterix, anti-Runx2, anti-ALP, anti-osteopontin, and anti-osteonectin monoclonal antibodies were employed at a 1:500 dilution. A light microscope with magnifications of 400× and 1,000× was used to manually observe and examine cultures in five different fields of view.

Results

BMP 2, Runx2, Osterix, and ALP expression was higher in ADMSCs + β-TCP 300 to 600 µm compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Osteonectin and osteopontin expression was higher in ADMSCs + 300 to 600 µm β-TCP compared with the control group (p < 0.05) and ADMSCs + 600 to 1,000 µm β-TCP (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

ADMSC osteodifferentiation was influenced by β-TCP bioceramic granule size. The considerable difference in osteonectin and osteopontin expression supports the idea that 300 to 600 µm β-TCP induce ADMSCs osteodifferentiation than 600 to 1,000 µm β-TCP.

Keywords

β-TCP - adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells - medicine - regenerative medicine - tissue engineering

Ethical Approval Statement

The ethical clearance for conducting the study was granted by the Universitas Airlangga Faculty of Dental Medicine Health Research Ethical Clearance Committee, Surabaya, Indonesia, with appointment number 682/HRECC.FODM/IX/2022.


Authors' Contribution

The authors declare that all authors participated in this research and publication. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.




Publication History

Article published online:
07 May 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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