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CC BY 4.0 · Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2025; 83(04): s00451806824
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1806824
Review Article

Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors

  • Luis O. S. Nogueira 

    1   Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Medicina, Manaus AM, Brazil.

  • Roberto A. S. V. Mazetto 

    1   Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Medicina, Manaus AM, Brazil.

  • Maria L. R. Defante 

    1   Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Medicina, Manaus AM, Brazil.

  • Vânio L. J. Antunes 

    3   Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.

  • Ocílio Ribeiro Gonçalves 

    4   Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Medicina Especializada, Teresina PI, Brazil.

  • Angela Maria Sandini Corso 

    5   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Curitiba PR, Brazil.

  • Marcus V. Della Coletta 

    1   Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Medicina, Manaus AM, Brazil.

  • Dayany Leonel Boone 

    6   Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil.

  • Walderico Silva Machado Filho 

    7   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Hospital de Clínicas, Campinas SP, Brazil.

  • Vanderci Borges 

    6   Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil.

  • Henrique Ballalai Ferraz 

    6   Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
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Abstract

Background Recent research on Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy has highlighted glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists as potential therapeutic agents. However, recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown mixed results regarding the use of this medication.

Objective To perform a meta-analysis comparing GLP-1 agonists with placebo or standard PD treatment in adult PD patients.

Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central databases. The efficacy outcomes were assessed through the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and the 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). We also assessed adverse events. Dichotomous data were compared using the risk ratio (RR), and continuous endpoints were pooled using the mean difference (MD).

Results We included 4 RCTs, with a total of 514 patients. In every study, the Hoehn and Yahr stage was < 3. The pooled analysis demonstrated that the use of GLP-1 agonists was not associated with an improvement in the scores on parts I, II, III, and IV of the MDS-UPDRS at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Neither did quality of life (PDQ-39) show significant differences among the groups, and a higher risk of gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss was observed with the use of GLP-1 agonists. A subgroup analysis further confirmed the lack of clinical benefits of the intervention regarding all of these efficacy outcomes, and the intervention also significantly reduced result heterogeneity.

Conclusion In 1 year, GLP-1 agonists failed to improve motor and non-motor features of PD. Additional high-quality studies are needed to draw more robust conclusions about this treatment.

Keywords

Glucagon-Like peptide 1 - Parkinson Disease - Randomized Controlled Trial - Movement Disorders - Meta-Analysis

Authors' Contributions

LOSN: conceptualization, methodology, data curation, writing – original draft, and project administration; AMSC: conceptualization and data curation; MLRD: methodology and writing – original draft; DLB: methodology and supervision; RASVM: data curation and investigation; VLJA: formal analysis and software; ORG: formal analysis and resources; WSMF: validation and visualization; VB: writing – review & editing and project administration;HBF: writing – review & editing and supervision; MVDC: project administration and supervision.


Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of the present study can be made available by the authors upon reasonable request.


Editor-in-Chief: Hélio A. G. Teive.


Associate Editor: Vitor Tumas.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 03. November 2024

Angenommen: 27. Dezember 2024

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
27. April 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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Bibliographical Record
Luis O. S. Nogueira, Roberto A. S. V. Mazetto, Maria L. R. Defante, Vânio L. J. Antunes, Ocílio Ribeiro Gonçalves, Angela Maria Sandini Corso, Marcus V. Della Coletta, Dayany Leonel Boone, Walderico Silva Machado Filho, Vanderci Borges, Henrique Ballalai Ferraz. Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2025; 83: s00451806824.
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1806824