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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci 2024; 17(04): e381-e391
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1800807
Original Article

Association of Evening Eating with Sleep Quality and Insomnia among Adults in a Brazilian National Survey

Maria Eduarda Bezerra Nunes 
,
Caio Henrique Barros dos Santos 
,
Márcia de Oliveira Lima 
,
Anny Kariny Pereira Pedrosa 
,
Risia Cristina Egito de Menezes 
,
Giovana Longo-Silva 

Funding Source This work was supported by 'Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas - FAPEAL' (Grant/Award Number: 60030.0000002539/2022). AKPP received a master's scholarship from FAPEAL. MOL received a master's scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES. MEBN received a scientific initiation scholarship from CNPq.
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Abstract

Objective To examine the association of evening eating clock time, its elapsed time to the midpoint of sleep (TEM), consumption of caffeine and sugary foods, and reporting dinner as the largest meal with sleep quality indicators and insomnia.

Methods Participants (n = 2,050;18–65y) were part of population-based research, with virtual data collection. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess differences in the ORs(95%CI) of sleep duration < 7 hours, sleep latency > 30 minutes, poor sleep quality, and insomnia (outcomes) with the evening diet-related variables. Linear regression analyses evaluated differences in sleep duration and latency associated with the same variables. Restricted cubic splines were used to study the shape of the association of eating event clock time and TEM with sleep duration and latency.

Results Each additional hour of evening eating clock time and of the TEM, respectively increased and decreased, the odds of sleep duration < 7/h [OR(95%CI):1.30(1.20,1.40); OR(95%CI):0.51(0.47,0.56)], sleep latency > 30min [OR(95%CI):1.14(1.07,1.22); 0.88(0.83,0.94)], poor sleep quality [OR(95%CI):1.21(1.13,1.30); 0.80(0.76,0.85)] and insomnia [OR(95%CI):1.12(1.04,1.20); 0.89(0.84,0.95)]. We found a dose-response association between evening eating (clock time and TEM) and sleep duration. The shortest latency was seen when evening eating was ∼20:00 and ∼7–8 hours before the midpoint of sleep. Participants who reported dinner as the largest meal and consumed caffeine and sugary foods/beverages after 18:00 presented higher odds of sleep duration < 7 hours, poor quality, and insomnia.

Conclusions Our findings indicate that an early-eating schedule has beneficial sleep effects and that it will be necessary to consider evening eating patterns and timing, along with the existing sleep and circadian hygiene, to improve sleep quality and circadian health.

Keywords

meals - circadian rhythm - chrononutrition - sleep - sleep deprivation

Author Contributions

Maria Eduarda Bezerra Nunes: In the conceptualization; data curation; formal analysis; investigation; methodology; supervision; validation; roles/writing - original draft; writing - review & editing.


Caio Henrique Barros dos Santos: In the conceptualization; data curation; formal analysis; investigation; methodology; supervision; validation; roles/writing - original draft; writing - review & editing.


Márcia de Oliveira Lima: in the conceptualization; data curation; formal analysis; investigation; methodology; supervision; validation; roles/writing - original draft; writing - review & editing.


Anny Kariny Pereira Pedrosa Participated in the methodology; roles/writing - original draft; writing - review & editing.


Risia Cristina Egito de Menezes: Participated in the methodology; roles/writing - original draft; writing - review & editing.


Giovana Longo-Silva: Participated in the conceptualization; data curation; formal analysis; investigation; methodology; project administration; supervision; validation; visualization; roles/writing - original draft; writing - review & editing.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 14. August 2023

Angenommen: 13. Dezember 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
17. Dezember 2024

© 2024. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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