PDF icon PDF herunterladen
Open Access
CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2025; 19(02): 438-448
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1795123
Original Article

The Relationship of HbA1c Serum Levels with the Severity of Periodontal Disease in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

Rosana Costa
1   Department of Medicine and Oral Surgery, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
2   Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
,
Marco Infante da Câmara
1   Department of Medicine and Oral Surgery, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
2   Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
,
Fernando Figueira
3   Department of Stomatology, Hospitalar Center of Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
,
José Júlio Pacheco
1   Department of Medicine and Oral Surgery, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
2   Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
,
Catarina Pereira
3   Department of Stomatology, Hospitalar Center of Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
4   Department of Endocrinology, Hospitalar Center of Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
,
Maria Gonçalves
5   Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
6   UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
,
Marta Relvas
1   Department of Medicine and Oral Surgery, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
2   Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
› Institutsangaben
Funding This research was funded by University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU) with the participation of Marta Relvas, funded by the project grant ADMT1PD_GI2-CESPU_2022.
› Weitere Informationen
Auch verfügbar aufeRef
  Lizenzen und Reprints
Preview

Abstract

Objective According to the evidence, the level of glycemic control is of key importance in determining the increased risk of periodontal disease (PD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of metabolic control as a key factor leading to the development and severity of periodontitis and compare the periodontal and oral hygiene status with the glycated hemoglobin levels.

Materials and Methods The evaluation was undertaken with diabetic patients (59 uncontrolled diabetics and 36 controlled diabetics) from a patient cohort of the Hospitalar Center of Tâmega e Sousa and subjects without diabetes (n = 95).

Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (Statistical Program for Social Sciences), version 29.0 for Windows. In the logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results Periodontal parameters were increased in systemically compromised individuals especially those who were poorly controlled as compared with their healthy counterparts, which are important indicators of PD progression. Furthermore, uncontrolled type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) patients showed increased plaque index (PI), which predisposes these individuals to a greater degree of periodontal destruction and tooth loss. Using a binary logistic regression, we observe a significant relation of the risk of severe periodontitis in T1DM subjects with family history of T1DM (p = 0.019; OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.22–9.21), alcohol consumption (p = 0.02; OR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.23–11.63), periodontal probing depth (PPD) (p < 0.001; OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 14.74–90.34), and clinical attachment loss (p = 0.033; OR: 4.71; 95% CI: 1.13–19.59).

Conclusion Increased glycated hemoglobin levels were positively related with periodontal status. Uncontrolled systemically compromised individuals showed an increased Plaque index (PI), which predisposes to greater periodontal inflammation and tooth loss. Increased clinical attachment level, Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and family history of T1DM, and alcohol consumption were identified as potential risk factors for severe periodontitis in subjects with T1DM.

Keywords

glycated hemoglobin - type 1 diabetes mellitus - periodontitis - oral hygiene habits

Ethical Approval Statement

This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Hospitalar Center of Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel with the reference: 22/2022. Patients were carefully informed through oral and written explanations about the purpose and procedures of the study and informed consent was obtained from all participants.


Data Availability Statement

The data can be accessed by contacting the corresponding author.


Authors' Contribution

R.C., M.G., and M.R. conceptualized the study; R.C., J.J.P., M.G., and M.R. contributed to the methodology; M.G. and C.P. contributed to the software; R.C., M.I.C., M.G., and M.R. did the formal analysis; R.C. and M.R. investigated the study; R.C., F.F., and M.R. contributed to the resources; F.F. and M.R. contributed to data curation; R.C., M.G., and M.R. prepared the original draft of the manuscript; R.C., C.P., J.J.P., M.I.C., and M.R. wrote the manuscript—review and editing; J.J.P. and M.I.C. visualized the study; M.R. supervised the study; M.R. contributed to the project administration and funding acquisition, M.R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.




Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
30. Dezember 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India