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DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1790575
Neurological outcomes in neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia: challenges in a developing country
Desfechos neurológicos em neonatos tratados com hipotermia terapêutica: desafios em um país em desenvolvimentoAutor*innen
Abstract
Background Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) affects 1.5 newborns per 1 thousand term live births. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) does not prevent all adverse outcomes. The experience with TH is still limited in Latin America. In Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto treats neonates with HIE since 2017 using the servo-controlled system.
Objective To describe the frequency of epilepsy, altered neurological exam, and neurodevelopmental delay at 12 months of age in patients treated with TH in a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro and to evaluate the possible risk associations with clinical data and data from complementary exams.
Methods We evaluated medical records from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit hospitalization and from first evaluation recorded at 12 months of age in the High-Risk Neonate Follow-up Outpatient Sevice.
Results A total of 30 subjects were included in the study. We found epilepsy in 18.2% of the patients, altered neurological exam in 40.9%, and neurodevelopmental delay in 36.4%. We also found a significant relationship between altered magnetic resonance imaging scan and subsequent altered neurological exam. Our findings are in line with those of the international literature, which shows that adverse outcomes are still observed, even when TH is applied. Brazilian data shows our limited access to complementary exams. The rate of loss to follow-up was of 26.6%, probably due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. More time for prospective follow-up and protocol adjustments should contribute to improve our data.
Conclusion High incidences of epilepsy, altered neurological exams, and neurodevelopmental delay were found, despite the use of TH. A more efficient use of resources is needed, as well as measures such as early intervention.
Resumo
Antecedentes A encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica (EHI) afeta 1,5 a cada mil nascidos vivos a termo. A hipotermia terapêutica (HT) não previne todos os desfechos negativos. A experiência com HT ainda é limitada na América Latina. No Rio de Janeiro, o Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto trata neonatos com EHI desde 2017 usando o sistema servo-controlado.
Objetivo Relatar a frequência de epilepsia, de alteração em exame neurológico e de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor aos 12 meses de idade nos pacientes submetidos a HT em um hospital de referência no estado do Rio de Janeiro e avaliar as associações de risco com dados clínicos e de exames complementares.
Métodos Foi feita análise de dados do prontuário médico da internação na UTI Neonatal e da primeira avaliação registrada a partir de 12 meses completos de idade no Ambulatório de Seguimento de Recém-Nascido de Alto Risco.
Resultados Ao todo, 30 pacientes foram incluídos. As frequências de epilepsia, de alteração em exame neurológico e de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor aos 12 meses de idade foram, respectivamente, de 18,2%, 40,9% e 36,4%. Observamos relação significativa entre alteração na ressonância magnética e posterior alteração no exame neurológico. Nossos achados corroboram a literatura internacional, em que desfechos desfavoráveis ocorrem mesmo aplicando-se HT. Dados brasileiros mostram a limitação da disponibilidade dos exames complementares. Houve perda de seguimento de 26,6%, provavelmente pela pandemia da doença do coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, em inglês) e condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis. Mais tempo de seguimento e ajustes no protocolo devem contribuir para melhorar nossos dados.
Conclusão Foram encontradas elevadas incidências de epilepsia, de exame neurológico alterado e de atraso no neurodesenvolvimento, apesar da HT. Faz-se necessário uso mais eficiente dos recursos disponíveis, bem como de medidas como intervenção precoce.
Keywords
Hypoxia, Brain - Hypothermia, Induced - Neurologic Examination - Developmental Disabilities - EpilepsyPalavras-chave
Hipóxia Encefálica - Hipotermia Induzida - Exame Neurológico - Deficiências do Desenvolvimento - EpilepsiaAuthors' Contributions
RFO: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, project administration, investigation, methodology, visualization, and writing – original draft; LHW: data curation, methodology, and validation; ASS: formal analysis, methodology, and writing – review and editing; MCCR: conceptualization, data curation, methodology, supervision, validation, and writing – review and editing; GCBL: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, supervision, validation, and writing – review and editing.
Editor-in-Chief
Hélio A. G. Teive.
Associate Editor
Alexandra Prufer de Queiroz Campos Araújo.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 01. Februar 2024
Angenommen: 15. Juni 2024
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
28. September 2024
© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil
Rita Farias Oliveira, Lucia Helena Wagner, Alexandre Sousa da Silva, Maura Calixto Cecherelli de Rodrigues, Glenda Corrêa Borges de Lacerda. Neurological outcomes in neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia: challenges in a developing country. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2024; 82: s00441790575.
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1790575
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