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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Asian J Neurosurg 2024; 19(04): 587-597
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788916
Review Article

Building a Stronger Backbone: 3D Printing's Role in Treating Spinal Cord Conditions

Arwa Jader 
1   Global Neurosurgical Alliance, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
2   Neurosurgery Department, Kufa University, Kufa, Iraq
,
Barbara Buccilli 
1   Global Neurosurgical Alliance, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
3   Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
,
Danisha Kumar
1   Global Neurosurgical Alliance, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
4   Departemnt of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
,
Oday Atallah 
1   Global Neurosurgical Alliance, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
7   Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
,
Luqman Munir
1   Global Neurosurgical Alliance, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
6   King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Yasser F. Almealawy 
1   Global Neurosurgical Alliance, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
5   Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
,
Michelle Ennabe
1   Global Neurosurgical Alliance, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
8   University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
,
Neil Joshi 
9   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
,
Urooj Imdad
10   National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London
,
Albert Alan
1   Global Neurosurgical Alliance, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
9   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
,
Martin Weinand
9   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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Abstract

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) pose significant challenges as complete nerve regeneration remains limited. The demand for improved technologies in SCI treatment is evident. One such emerging technology is three-dimensional printing (3DP), which, coupled with advancements in medical imaging and bioengineering, has significantly enhanced precision in surgical procedures. This systematic review aims to explore 3DP as a treatment option for SCIs, examining its cost, efficacy, safety, and the associated technological constraints. A systematic search of Medline was conducted through PubMed for literature published since 2019. The search results were exported to Rayyan for abstract and full-text screening following predefined criteria. The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using the RoB2 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. From a total of 89 articles screened, 11 studies met the eligibility criteria, collectively assessing 237 individuals with various types of SCIs, including lumbar degeneration, en bloc resection of thoracolumbar metastasis, adult spinal deformity, and cervical degeneration. These studies examined the utilization of 3DP devices such as hand orthosis, interbody fusion cages, lamellar titanium cages, artificial vertebral bodies, and others. Most of the reviewed studies reported positive treatment outcomes, with the actual procedure costs varying from $65 to $5,000. Recent literature shows positive outcomes in the use of 3DP technologies for SCIs, highlighting its potential for enhancing both surgical and nonsurgical interventions. These advancements usher in a new era in SCI treatment, providing enhanced precision and a wider range of treatment options, ultimately leading to more comprehensive and effective patient care.

Keywords

3D bioprinting - SCI surgery - bioengineering - cost-efficiency - neuroregeneration

Ethical Approval

This systematic review adheres to ethical guidelines and standards for conducting research. Data used are from published studies and do not involve human subjects directly.




Publication History

Article published online:
03 September 2024

© 2024. Asian Congress of Neurological Surgeons. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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