RSS-Feed abonnieren
PDF herunterladen
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788805
Imaging Features of Female Genital Tuberculosis and its Mimics
Funding None.
Abstract
Tuberculosis involving the female genital tract causes significant morbidity in women in the reproductive age group, where it is often associated with infertility. The fallopian tube is the most common part to be affected by the disease. Since female genital tuberculosis is a paucibacillary disease, organisms are often not detected. Therefore, multimodality imaging features play an important role in the diagnosis. A gamut of radiological investigations including hysterosalpingogram, ultrasound, and cross-sectional modalities like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are available in the evaluation of disease. The key imaging differentials vary depending upon the part of the genital tract affected. This review will discuss the imaging appearances of tuberculosis of the female genital tract on various imaging modalities and their differential diagnosis.
Keywords
endometritis - female genital tract - hydrosalpinx - hysterosalpingography - peritoneal tuberculosis - tuberculosis - tubo-ovarian massAuthors' Contributions
S.G. was responsible for writing the draft, revising, and finalizing the manuscript. S.M. contributed to the concept, revision, and approval. A.A. also worked on writing the draft, revising, and finalizing the manuscript.
Publikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
13. August 2024
© 2024. Indographics. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Golden MP, Vikram HR. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an overview. Am Fam Physician 2005; 72 (09) 1761-1768
- 2 Gupta N, Sharma JB, Mittal S, Singh N, Misra R, Kukreja M. Genital tuberculosis in Indian infertility patients. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 97 (02) 135-138
- 3 Singh N, Sumana G, Mittal S. Genital tuberculosis: a leading cause for infertility in women seeking assisted conception in North India. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2008; 278 (04) 325-327
- 4 Gulati S, Rathi V, Jain S, Bhatt S. Incidentalomas of the female genital tract on 64-slice MDCT: a clinico-radiological pictorial review. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46 (09) 4420-4431
- 5 Chavhan GB, Hira P, Rathod K. et al. Female genital tuberculosis: hysterosalpingographic appearances. Br J Radiol 2004; 77 (914) 164-169
- 6 Shah HU, Sannananja B, Baheti AD, Udare AS, Badhe PV. Hysterosalpingography and ultrasonography findings of female genital tuberculosis. Diagn Interv Radiol 2015; 21 (01) 10-15
- 7 Sharma JB. Current diagnosis and management of female genital tuberculosis. J Obstet Gynecol India 2015; 65 (06) 362-371
- 8 Eng CW, Tang PH, Ong CL. Hysterosalpingography: current applications. Singapore Med J 2007; 48 (04) 368-373 , quiz 374
- 9 Ahmadi F, Zafarani F, Shahrzad GS. Hysterosalpingographic appearances of female genital tract tuberculosis: part II: uterus. Int J Fertil Steril 2014; 8 (01) 13-20
- 10 Sirikci A, Bayram M. Venous intravasation in a patient with tuberculous endometritis. Eur Radiol 2000; 10 (11) 1838
- 11 Klein TA, Richmond JA, Mishell Jr DR. Pelvic tuberculosis. Obstet Gynecol 1976; 48 (01) 99-104
- 12 Aggarwal A, Das CJ, Manchanda S. Imaging spectrum of female genital tuberculosis: a comprehensive review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2022; 51 (04) 617-627
- 13 Bhalla D, Manchanda S, Vyas S. Algorithmic approach to sonography of adnexal masses: an evolving paradigm. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2021; 50 (05) 703-715
- 14 Rabesalama S, Mandeville K, Raherison R, Rakoto-Ratsimba H. Isolated ovarian tuberculosis mimicking ovarian carcinoma: case report and literature review. Afr J Infect Dis 2011; 5 (01) 7-10
- 15 Tukeva TA, Aronen HJ, Karjalainen PT, Molander P, Paavonen T, Paavonen J. MR imaging in pelvic inflammatory disease: comparison with laparoscopy and US. Radiology 1999; 210 (01) 209-216
- 16 Grace GA, Devaleenal DB, Natrajan M. Genital tuberculosis in females. Indian J Med Res 2017; 145 (04) 425-436
- 17 Salle B, Gaucherand P, de Saint Hilaire P, Rudigoz RC. Transvaginal sonohysterographic evaluation of intrauterine adhesions. J Clin Ultrasound 1999; 27 (03) 131-134
- 18 Schenker JG. Etiology of and therapeutic approach to synechia uteri. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996; 65 (01) 109-113
- 19 Foti PV, Ognibene N, Spadola S. et al. Non-neoplastic diseases of the fallopian tube: MR imaging with emphasis on diffusion-weighted imaging. Insights Imaging 2016; 7 (03) 311-327
- 20 Revzin MV, Moshiri M, Katz DS, Pellerito JS, Mankowski Gettle L, Menias CO. Imaging evaluation of fallopian tubes and related disease: a primer for radiologists. Radiographics 2020; 40 (05) 1473-1501
- 21 Lee MH, Moon MH, Sung CK, Woo H, Oh S. CT findings of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Abdom Imaging 2014; 39 (06) 1350-1355
- 22 Rezvani M, Shaaban AM. Fallopian tube disease in the nonpregnant patient. Radiographics 2011; 31 (02) 527-548
- 23 Haggerty CL, Hillier SL, Bass DC, Ness RB, Evaluation PID. PID Evaluation and Clinical Health study investigators. Bacterial vaginosis and anaerobic bacteria are associated with endometritis. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39 (07) 990-995
- 24 Kim SH, Kim SH, Yang DM, Kim KA. Unusual causes of tubo-ovarian abscess: CT and MR imaging findings. Radiographics 2004; 24 (06) 1575-1589
- 25 Lee SI. Radiological reasoning: imaging characterization of bilateral adnexal masses. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187 (3, suppl): S460-S466
- 26 Togashi K, Nishimura K, Kimura I. et al. Endometrial cysts: diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiology 1991; 180 (01) 73-78
- 27 Glastonbury CM. The shading sign. Radiology 2002; 224 (01) 199-201
- 28 Ghosh SB, Mala YM, Tripathi R, Tyagi S. Coexisting genital tuberculosis and endometriosis presenting as abdominal mass in an infertile woman: a report of a rare case. Fertil Steril 2008; 90 (02) 443.e5-443.e6
- 29 Arora A, Sadath SA. Genital tuberculosis in postmenopausal women with variable clinical presentations: a report of 3 cases. Case Rep Womens Health 2018; 18: e00059
- 30 Bekele D, Bekuretsion Y. Tuberculosis of the cervix mimicking cervical cancer. Ethiop Med J 2014; 52 (02) 87-89
- 31 Gupta A, Gupta MM, Mankatala U, Khurana N. Primary tuberculosis of cervix mimicking carcinoma: a rare case. J Midlife Health 2014; 5 (02) 95-97
- 32 Pang Y, Li Y, Xu D, Sun X, Hou D. Differentiating peritoneal tuberculosis and peritoneal carcinomatosis based on a machine learning model with CT: a multicentre study. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48 (04) 1545-1553
- 33 Deshpande SS, Joshi AR, Deshpande SS, Phajlani SA. Computed tomographic features of abdominal tuberculosis: unmask the impersonator!. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44 (01) 11-21
- 34 Diop AD, Fontarensky M, Montoriol PF, Da Ines D. CT imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis and its mimics. Diagn Interv Imaging 2014; 95 (09) 861-872
- 35 Sakorafas GH, Ntavatzikos A, Konstantiadou I, Karamitopoulou E, Kavatha D, Peros G. Peritoneal tuberculosis in pregnancy mimicking advanced ovarian cancer: a plea to avoid hasty, radical and irreversible surgical decisions. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13 (05) e270-e272
- 36 Yassaee F, Farzaneh F. Familial tuberculosis mimicking advanced ovarian cancer. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2009; 2009: 736018