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CC BY 4.0 · VCOT Open 2024; 07(02): e103-e107
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788577
Original Article

In Vitro Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Different Skin Staples

Μaria Theofilaktidou
1   Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Leonidas Pavlidis
3   School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Ioannis Savvas
1   Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Vasileia Angellou
1   Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Apostolos Argyros
2   Department of Surgery, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Nikolaos Michailidis
2   Department of Surgery, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Lysimachos G. Papazoglou 
1   Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract

Objective The aim of the study was to assess the flexural deformation strength of various brands of skin staples postfiring, and to compare the distance and alignment of the staple tips.

Study Design In this experimental in vitro study, nine types of commercially available skin staples were tested. Following firing, six staples of each type were mounted on a material testing machine. Mechanical properties of staples were evaluated under uniaxial loading test, which translated to the bending of the staple for determination of flexural deformation strength. Staples were evaluated for tip alignment and distance between pointed tips.

Results Maximum force to flexural deformation was greater for Precise (29.633 ± 7.8421 N), than Proximate (16.200 ± 1.1541 N; p = 0.000), Henry Schein (23.383 ± 5.2282 N; p = 0.011), Weck Visistat (24.329 ± 1.0372 N; p = 0.025), Appose (18.133 ± 1.2675 N; p = 0.000), Manipler (14.067 ± 3.7393 N; p = 0.000), and Leukoclip (22.288 ± 1.6915 N; p = 0.002) but was not different from Gima (27.483 ± 6.5637 N; p = 0.370) and Advan (27.283 ± 2.8708 N; p = 0.327) Precise, Appose, and Advan fired staples had their pointed tips met, whereas Manipler, Leukoclip, Gima, Henry Schein, Proximate, and Weck Visistat showed a gap between pointed tips. Proximate staples also showed malalignment between their pointed tips.

Conclusion The flexural deformation strength of skin staples manufactured by Precise, Gima, and Advan was between 29 and 27 N and thus significantly superior to the other six staple types tested.

Keywords

bioengineering - biomechanics - soft-tissue surgery - skin and soft-tissue reconstruction - wound management

Author Contributions

All the authors contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and original draft preparation (writing). I.S. was responsible for the statistics. Μ.T., A.A., N.M., and L.G.P. were responsible for reviewing and editing of the manuscript. All the authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.




Publication History

Received: 10 December 2023

Accepted: 16 June 2024

Article published online:
26 July 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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