RSS-Feed abonnieren
Bitte kopieren Sie die angezeigte URL und fügen sie dann in Ihren RSS-Reader ein.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/de/10.1055-s-00037681.xml
PDF herunterladen
CC BY 4.0 · J Neuroanaesth Crit Care 2024; 11(01): 010-017
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782508
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782508
Review Article
A Narrative Review of Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
Abstract
Adverse reactions to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine depict a tropism for neural structures. This narrative review was aimed to discuss published data on the spectrum of neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, which were accorded emergency use authorization. The majority of the neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are usually mild, brief, self-limiting, and easily manageable. Rarely, these side effects can be of serious nature and require hospitalization. High vigilance helps in early identification and treatment of these complications leading to good outcomes. The reported incidence of neurological complications in vaccinated population is a miniscule, and the overall benefits of the vaccine outweigh the risks of side effects. However, it is crucial to conduct larger collaborative multicenter studies to prove or reject the causal association between the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the postvaccination neurological side effects. Herein, we have tried to summarize the various neurological manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines published in the literature from 2021 to mid-2023.
Publikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
02. Mai 2024
© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 WHO corona virus (COVID-19) dashboard. Accessed July 3, 2023 at: https//covid19.who.int
- 2 Karussis D, Petrou P. The spectrum of post-vaccination inflammatory CNS demyelinating syndromes. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13 (03) 215-224
- 3 Garg RK, Paliwal VK. Spectrum of neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination. Neurol Sci 2022; 43 (01) 3-40
- 4 Angum F, Khan T, Kaler J, Siddiqui L, Hussain A. The prevalence of autoimmune disorder in women: a narrative review. Cureus 2020; 12 (05) e8094
- 5 Ismail II, Salama S. A systematic review of cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 vaccination. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 362 (01) 577765
- 6 Al Khames Aga QA, Alkhaffaf WH, Hatem TH. et al. Safety of COVID-19 vaccines. J Med Virol 2021; 93 (12) 6588-6594
- 7 Ng JH, Chaudhuri KR, Tan EK. Functional neurological disorders and COVID-19 vaccination. Ann Neurol 2021; 90 (02) 328
- 8 Kim DD, Kung CS, Perez DL. Helping the public understand adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccinations: lessons learnt from functional neurological disorders. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78 (07) 789-790
- 9 Göbel CH, Heinze A, Karstedt S. et al. Clinical characteristics of headache after vaccination against COVID-19 (coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine: a multicentre observational cohort study. Brain Commun 2021; 3 (03) fcab169
- 10 García-Azorín D, Do TP, Gantenbein AR. et al. Delayed headache after COVID-19 vaccination: a red flag for vaccine induced cerebral venous thrombosis. J Headache Pain 2021; 22 (01) 108
- 11 Finsterer J. Neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 145 (01) 5-9
- 12 de Gregorio C, Colarusso L, Calcaterra G. et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis following COVID-19 vaccination: analysis of 552 worldwide cases. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10 (02) 232-346
- 13 Tu TM, Yi SJ, Koh JS. et al. Incidence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection vs mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Singapore. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5 (03) e222940
- 14 Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, Weisser K, Kyrle PA, Eichinger S. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx 1 n Cov-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med 2021; 384 (22) 2092-2101
- 15 Schulz JB, Berlit P, Diener HC. et al; German Society of Neurology SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Study Group. COVID-19 vaccine associated cerebral venous thrombosis in Germany. Ann Neurol 2021; 90 (04) 627-639
- 16 Jaiswal V, Nepal G, Dijamco P. et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13: 21 501319221074450
- 17 Panther EJ, Lucke-Wold B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: management considerations for COVID-19. Explor Neuroprotective Ther 2022; 2 (02) 65-73
- 18 Singh A, Toma F, Uzun G. et al. The interaction between anti-PF4 antibodies and anticoagulants in vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Blood 2022; 139 (23) 3430-3438
- 19 Muir KL, Kallam A, Koepsell SA, Gundabolu K. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after Ad26.COV.2S vaccination. N Engl J Med 2021; 384 (20) 1964-1965
- 20 McGonagle D, De Marco G, Bridgewood C. Mechanism of immunothrombosis in vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) compared to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Autoimmun 2021; 121: 102662
- 21 Nevzorova TA, Mordakhanova ER, Daminova AG. et al. Platelet factor 4-containing immune complexes induce platelet activation followed by calpain-dependent platelet death. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5: 106
- 22 Goldman M, Hermans C. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia associated with COVID-19 infection or vaccination: possible paths to platelet factor 4 autoimmunity. PLoS Med 2021; 18 (05) e1003648
- 23 Pang X, Liu H, He X, Ji T, Zhu Y, Cui Y. potential anionic substances binding to platelet factor 4 in vaccine induced thrombotic-thrombocytopenia of ChAdOx 1-S vaccine for SARS-C0V–2. Front Immunol 2022; 12: 782335
- 24 Hosseini R, Askari N. A review of neurological side effects of COVID-19 vaccination. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28 (01) 102
- 25 Kakovan M, Ghorbani Shirkouhi S, Zarei M, Andalib S. Stroke associated with COVID-19 vaccines. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31 (06) 106440
- 26 Stefanou MI, Palaiodimou L, Aguiar de Sousa D. et al. Acute arterial ischemic stroke following Covid-19 vaccination: a systematic review and metanalysis. Neurology 2022; 99 (14) e1465-e1474
- 27 Rahmig J, Altarsha E, Siepmann T, Barlinn K. Acute ischemic stroke in context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a systemic review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18: 1907-1916
- 28 Ihle-Hansen H, Bøås H, Tapia G. et al. Stroke after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine: a nationwide registry study. Stroke 2023; 54 (05) e190-e193
- 29 Finsterer J. Neurological adverse reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2023; 21 (02) 222-239
- 30 de Mélo Silva Jr ML, Lopes DP. Large hemorrhagic stroke after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination: a case report. Acta Neurol Scand 2021; 144 (06) 717-718
- 31 Shimazawa R, Ikeda M. Potential adverse effects in Japanese women who received Tozinameran (BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14: 46
- 32 Finsterer J, Korn M. Aphasia seven days after second dose of an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Brain Hemorrhages 2021; 2 (04) 165-167
- 33 Chida K, Takahashi T, Igarashi S. et al. Rupture of vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm after mRNA anti COVID-19 vaccination. A report of two cases. NMC Case Rep J 2022; 9: 95-100
- 34 López-Mena D, García-Grimshaw M, Saldivar-Dávila S. et al. Stroke among SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients in Mexico: a nationwide descriptive study. Neurology 2022; 98 (19) e1933-e1941
- 35 Lee EJ, Cines DB, Gernsheimer T. et al. Thrombocytopenia following Pfizer and Moderna SARS-COV-2 vaccine. Am J Hematol 2021; 96 (05) 534-537
- 36 McMahon DE, Amerson E, Rosenbach M. et al. Cutaneous reactions reported after Moderna and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccination: a registry-based study of 414 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 85 (01) 46-55
- 37 Purkayastha P, Mckechnie C, Kalkur P, Scully M. Rare case of COVID-19 vaccine-associated intracranial haemorrhage with venous sinus thrombosis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14 (09) e245092
- 38 Oshida S, Akamatsu Y, Matsumoto Y. et al. Intracranial aneurysm rupture within three days after receiving mRNA anti-COVID-19 vaccination: three case reports. Surg Neurol Int 2022; 13 (117) 117
- 39 Syed K, Chaudhary H, Donato A. Central venous sinus thrombosis with subarachnoid hemorrhage following an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Are these reports merely coincidental. Am J Case Rep 2021; 22: e933397 , e933397–e5
- 40 Frösen J, Piippo A, Paetau A. et al. Remodeling of saccular cerebral artery aneurysm wall is associated with rupture: histological analysis of 24 unruptured and 42 ruptured cases. Stroke 2004; 35 (10) 2287-2293
- 41 Finsterer J, Scorza CA, Scorza FA. Guillain-Barre syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Clinics (São Paulo) 2022; 77: 100113
- 42 Abara WE, Gee J, Marquez P. et al. Reports of Guillain Barre syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination in the United States. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6 (02) e2253845
- 43 Finsterer J. Exacerbating Guillain Barre syndrome eight days after vector based COVID-19 vaccination. Case Rep Infect Dis 2021; 2021: 3619131
- 44 Yu M, Nie S, Qiao Y, Ma Y. Guillain Barres syndrome following COVID-19 vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14: 1078197
- 45 Nelson KE. Invited commentary: influenza vaccine and Guillain-Barre syndrome—is there a risk?. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 175 (11) 1129-1132
- 46 Woo EJ, Mba-Jonas A, Dimova RB, Alimchandani M, Zinderman CE, Nair N. Association of receipt of the Ad 26. COV 2.S COVID 19 vaccine with presumptive Guillain Barre syndrome, February -July 2021. JAMA 2021; 326 (16) 1606-1613
- 47 Thant HL, Morgan R, Paese MM, Persaud T, Diaz J, Hurtado L. Guillain Barre syndrome after Ad26. COV-19.S vaccination. Am J Case Rep 2022; 23: e935275-e935271
- 48 Rzymski P. Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19 vaccines: focus on adenoviral vectors. Front Immunol 2023; 14: 1183258
- 49 Rafati A, Pasebani Y, Jameie M. et al. Association of SARS CoV-2 vaccination or infection with Bell's palsy. A systematic review and metanalysis. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 149 (06) 493-504
- 50 Ish S, Ish P. Facial nerve palsy after COVID-19 vaccination: a rare association or a coincidence. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69 (09) 2550-2552
- 51 Albakri K, Khaity A, Atwan H. et al. Bell's palsy and COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11 (02) 236
- 52 Ozonoff A, Nanishi E, Levy O. Bell's palsy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21 (04) 450-452
- 53 Hampton LM, Aggarwal R, Ewans SJW, Law B. General determination of COVID 19 vaccines and possible adverse effects. Vaccine 2021; 39: 1478-1480
- 54 Woo CJ, Chou OHI, Cheung BMY. Ramsay Hunt syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination. Postgrad Med J 2022; 98 (1164) 738-739
- 55 Wan EYE, Chui CSL, Ng VWS. et al. mRNA (BNT162b2) COVID-19 vaccination increased the risk of Bell's palsy: a nested case controlled and self—controlled case series studies. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76: e291-e298
- 56 Waheed W, Carey ME, Tandan SR, Tandan R. Post COVID-19 vaccine small fiber neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64 (01) E1-E2
- 57 Sukockienė E, Breville G, Fayolle D, Nencha U, Uginet M, Hübers A. Case series of acute peripheral neuropathies in individuals who received COVID-19 vaccination. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59 (03) 501
- 58 Schelke MW, Barcavage S, Lampshire E, Brannagan III TH. Post-COVID-19 vaccine small-fiber neuropathy and tinnitus treated with plasma exchange. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66 (04) E21-E23
- 59 Safavi F, Gustafvson L, Walitt B. et al. Neuropathic symptoms with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. MedRxiv 2022; (e-pub ahead of print).
- 60 Schwartz B, Moudgil S, Pollina F, Bhargava A. Small fiber neuropathy after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. and infection: a case-based comparison. Cureus 2023; 15 (08) e43600
- 61 Queler SC, Towbin AJ, Milani C, Whang J, Sneag DB. Parsonage Turner syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: MR neurography. Radiology 2022; 302 (01) 84-87
- 62 van Alfen N. Clinical and pathophysiological concepts of neuralgic amyotrophy. Nat Rev Neurol 2011; 7 (06) 315-322
- 63 Wan EYF, Chui CSL, Wang Y. et al. Herpes zoster related hospitalization after inactivated (CoronaVac) and mRNA (BNT162b2) SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a self-controlled case series and nested case-control study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2022; 21: 100393
- 64 Florea A, Wu J, Qian L. et al. Risk of herpes zoster following mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administration. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22 (01) 643-649
- 65 Shahrudin MS, Mohamed-Yassin MS, Nik Mohd Nasir NM. Herpes zoster following COVID-19 vaccine booster. Am J Case Rep 2023; 24: e938667
- 66 Walsh EE, Frenck Jr RW, Falsey AR. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of two mRNA based COVID-19 vaccine candidates. N Engl J Med 2020; 383 (25) 2439-2450
- 67 Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Porter FW, Weissman D. mRNA vaccines: a new era in vaccinology. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17 (04) 261-279
- 68 Furer V, Zisman D, Kibari A. et al. Herpes zoster following BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60 (Si): Si 90-95
- 69 Kaulen LD, Doubrovinskaia S, Mooshage C. et al. Neurological autoimmune diseases following vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2: a case series. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29 (02) 555-563
- 70 Nabizadeh F, Noori M, Rahmani S, Hosseini H. Acute dissemination encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following COVID 19 vaccine: a systematic analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 111: 57-70
- 71 Rinaldi V, Bellucci G, Buscarinu MC. et al. CNS inflammatory demyelinating events after COVID-19 vaccines: a case series and systematic review. Front Neurol 2022; 13: 1018785
- 72 Ancau M, Liesche-Starnecker F, Niederschweiberer J. et al. Case series: acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Front Neurol 2022; 12: 820049
- 73 Abdelhady M, Husain MA, Hawas Y. et al. Encephalitis following COVID−19 vaccination: a systematic analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11 (03) 576
- 74 Huang YF, Ho TC, Chang CC. et al. Rare adverse effect of COVID−19 vaccine on autoimmune encephalitis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10 (07) 1114
- 75 Hervé C, Laupèze B, Del Giudice G, Didierlaurent AM, Tavares Da Silva F. The how's and what's of vaccine reactogenicity. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4: 39
- 76 Al-Mashdali AF, Ata YM, Sadik N. Post-COVID-19 vaccine acute hyperactive encephalopathy with dramatic response to methylprednisolone: a case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 69: 102803
- 77 Mirmosayyeb O, Ghaffary EM, Vaheb S, Pourkazemi R, Shaygannejad V. Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) following COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179 (04) 265-281
- 78 Alluqmani M. New onset multiple sclerosis post COVID-19 vaccination and correlation with possible predictors in case-controlled study. Cureus 2023; 15 (03) e36323
- 79 Dias ASO, Sacramento PM, Lopes LM. et al. TLR-2 and TLR-4 agonists favor expansion of CD4+ T cell subsets implicated in the severity of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 34: 66-76
- 80 Taieb A, Mounira EE. Pilot study of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced pituitary diseases: a mini review from diagnosis to pathophysiology. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10 (12) 2004
- 81 Ishay A, Shacham EC. Central diabetes insipidus: a late sequela of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine?. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23 (01) 47
- 82 Dotan A, Muller S, Kanduc D, David P, Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y. The SARS-CoV-2 as an instrumental trigger of autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20 (04) 102792
- 83 Ziogas A, Netea MG. Trained immunity-related vaccines: innate immune memory and heterologous protection against infections. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28 (06) 497-512
- 84 Lechien JR, Diallo AO, Dachy B. et al. COVID-19: post vaccine smell and taste disorders: report of 6 cases. Ear Nose Throat J 2024; 103 (02) NP104-NP107
- 85 Keir G, Maria NI, Kirsch CFE. Unique imaging findings of neurologic phantosmia following Pfizer-BioNtech COVID-19 vaccination: a case report. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 30 (03) 133-137