RSS-Feed abonnieren
Bitte kopieren Sie die angezeigte URL und fügen sie dann in Ihren RSS-Reader ein.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/de/10.1055-s-00000072.xml
PDF herunterladen
Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41(06): 226-240
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782151
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782151
Review Article
Deteriorating Semen Quality: The Role of the Environment
Funding This work was supported by Academy of Finland (grant 308065); Turku University Hospital (state research funding ERVA); the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation; the Innovation Fund Denmark (Plexfer); and the Foundation for Pediatric Research.
Abstract
Since the end of the last century, several reports have suggested that semen quality is declining, especially in Western countries. Furthermore, cross-sectional studies using similar protocols have suggested regional differences in semen quality of young and fertile men. Reasons for these regional differences and local adverse trends in semen quality are unknown, but environmental factors are suspected to have a role. Besides adulthood environmental exposures, those occurring during testicular development may also affect semen quality. Longitudinal follow-up studies and mixture risk analyses are needed to study the effect of fetal, childhood, and adult life environment on semen quality.
Publikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
18. März 2024
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Skakkebæk NE, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Levine H. et al. Environmental factors in declining human fertility. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18 (03) 139-157
- 2 Bonde JP, Ernst E, Jensen TK. et al. Relation between semen quality and fertility: a population-based study of 430 first-pregnancy planners. Lancet 1998; 352 (9135): 1172-1177
- 3 Slama R, Eustache F, Ducot B. et al. Time to pregnancy and semen parameters: a cross-sectional study among fertile couples from four European cities. Hum Reprod 2002; 17 (02) 503-515
- 4 Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N, Skakkebaek NE. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ 1992; 305 (6854): 609-613
- 5 Swan SH, Elkin EP, Fenster L. Have sperm densities declined? A reanalysis of global trend data. Environ Health Perspect 1997; 105 (11) 1228-1232
- 6 Swan SH, Elkin EP, Fenster L. The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108 (10) 961-966
- 7 Levine H, Jørgensen N, Martino-Andrade A. et al. Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23 (06) 646-659
- 8 Levine H, Jørgensen N, Martino-Andrade A. et al. Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries. Hum Reprod Update 2023; 29 (02) 157-176
- 9 Luo X, Yin C, Shi Y, Du C, Pan X. Global trends in semen quality of young men: a systematic review and regression analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40 (08) 1807-1816
- 10 Sengupta P, Dutta S, Krajewska-Kulak E. The disappearing sperms: analysis of reports published between 1980 and 2015. Am J Men Health 2017; 11 (04) 1279-1304
- 11 Sengupta P, Nwagha U, Dutta S, Krajewska-Kulak E, Izuka E. Evidence for decreasing sperm count in African population from 1965 to 2015. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17 (02) 418-427
- 12 Sengupta P, Borges Jr E, Dutta S, Krajewska-Kulak E. Decline in sperm count in European men during the past 50 years. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37 (03) 247-255
- 13 World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. 5th ed.. WHO Press; 2010
- 14 Skakkebaek NE. Normal reference ranges for semen quality and their relations to fecundity. Asian J Androl 2010; 12 (01) 95-98
- 15 Auger J, Eustache F, Chevrier C, Jégou B. Spatiotemporal trends in human semen quality. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19 (10) 597-626
- 16 Virtanen HE, Jørgensen N, Toppari J. Semen quality in the 21st century. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 14 (02) 120-130
- 17 Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Chiu YH. et al; Earth Study Team. Secular trends in semen parameters among men attending a fertility center between 2000 and 2017: identifying potential predictors. Environ Int 2018; 121 (Pt 2): 1297-1303
- 18 Jørgensen N, Carlsen E, Nermoen I. et al. East-West gradient in semen quality in the Nordic-Baltic area: a study of men from the general population in Denmark, Norway, Estonia and Finland. Hum Reprod 2002; 17 (08) 2199-2208
- 19 Jørgensen N, Vierula M, Jacobsen R. et al. Recent adverse trends in semen quality and testis cancer incidence among Finnish men. Int J Androl 2011; 34 (4, Pt 2): e37-e48
- 20 Rodprasert W, Virtanen HE, Sadov S. et al. An update on semen quality among young Finnish men and comparison with Danish data. Andrology 2019; 7 (01) 15-23
- 21 Priskorn L, Nordkap L, Bang AK. et al. Average sperm count remains unchanged despite reduction in maternal smoking: results from a large cross-sectional study with annual investigations over 21 years. Hum Reprod 2018; 33 (06) 998-1008
- 22 Erenpreiss J, Punab M, Zilaitiene B. et al. Semen quality of young men from the general population in Baltic countries. Hum Reprod 2017; 32 (06) 1334-1340
- 23 Punab M, Zilaitiene B, Jørgensen N. et al. Regional differences in semen qualities in the Baltic region. Int J Androl 2002; 25 (04) 243-252
- 24 Tsarev I, Gagonin V, Giwercman A, Erenpreiss J. Sperm concentration in Latvian military conscripts as compared with other countries in the Nordic-Baltic area. Int J Androl 2005; 28 (04) 208-214
- 25 Richthoff J, Rylander L, Hagmar L, Malm J, Giwercman A. Higher sperm counts in Southern Sweden compared with Denmark. Hum Reprod 2002; 17 (09) 2468-2473
- 26 Axelsson J, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Giwercman A. No secular trend over the last decade in sperm counts among Swedish men from the general population. Hum Reprod 2011; 26 (05) 1012-1016
- 27 Halling J, Petersen MS, Jørgensen N, Jensen TK, Grandjean P, Weihe P. Semen quality and reproductive hormones in Faroese men: a cross-sectional population-based study of 481 men. BMJ Open 2013; 3 (03) e001946
- 28 Jørgensen N, Joensen UN, Jensen TK. et al. Human semen quality in the new millennium: a prospective cross-sectional population-based study of 4867 men. BMJ Open 2012; 2 (04) e000990
- 29 Iwamoto T, Nozawa S, Mieno MN. et al. Semen quality of 1559 young men from four cities in Japan: a cross-sectional population-based study. BMJ Open 2013; 3 (04) e002222
- 30 Paasch U, Salzbrunn A, Glander HJ. et al. Semen quality in sub-fertile range for a significant proportion of young men from the general German population: a co-ordinated, controlled study of 791 men from Hamburg and Leipzig. Int J Androl 2008; 31 (02) 93-102
- 31 Hart RJ, Doherty DA, McLachlan RI. et al. Testicular function in a birth cohort of young men. Hum Reprod 2015; 30 (12) 2713-2724
- 32 Mendiola J, Jørgensen N, Andersson AM, Stahlhut RW, Liu F, Swan SH. Reproductive parameters in young men living in Rochester, New York. Fertil Steril 2014; 101 (04) 1064-1071
- 33 Rahban R, Priskorn L, Senn A. et al; NICER Working Group. Semen quality of young men in Switzerland: a nationwide cross-sectional population-based study. Andrology 2019; 7 (06) 818-826
- 34 Fernandez MF, Duran I, Olea N. et al. Semen quality and reproductive hormone levels in men from Southern Spain. Int J Androl 2012; 35 (01) 1-10
- 35 Mendiola J, Jørgensen N, Mínguez-Alarcón L. et al. Sperm counts may have declined in young university students in Southern Spain. Andrology 2013; 1 (03) 408-413
- 36 Jørgensen N, Andersen AG, Eustache F. et al. Regional differences in semen quality in Europe. Hum Reprod 2001; 16 (05) 1012-1019
- 37 Iwamoto T, Nozawa S, Yoshiike M. et al. Semen quality of 324 fertile Japanese men. Hum Reprod 2006; 21 (03) 760-765
- 38 Iwamoto T, Nozawa S, Yoshiike M. et al. Semen quality of fertile Japanese men: a cross-sectional population-based study of 792 men. BMJ Open 2013; 3 (01) e002223
- 39 Swan SH, Brazil C, Drobnis EZ. et al; Study for Future Families Research Group. Geographic differences in semen quality of fertile U.S. males. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111 (04) 414-420
- 40 Redmon JB, Thomas W, Ma W. et al; Study for Future Families Research Group. Semen parameters in fertile US men: the study for future families. Andrology 2013; 1 (06) 806-814
- 41 Stewart TM, Liu DY, Garrett C, Jørgensen N, Brown EH, Baker HW. Associations between andrological measures, hormones and semen quality in fertile Australian men: inverse relationship between obesity and sperm output. Hum Reprod 2009; 24 (07) 1561-1568
- 42 Haugen TB, Egeland T, Magnus O. Semen parameters in Norwegian fertile men. J Androl 2006; 27 (01) 66-71
- 43 Jensen TK, Jacobsen R, Christensen K, Nielsen NC, Bostofte E. Good semen quality and life expectancy: a cohort study of 43,277 men. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170 (05) 559-565
- 44 Del Giudice F, Kasman AM, Chen T. et al. The association between mortality and male infertility: systematic review and meta-analysis. Urology 2021; 154: 148-157
- 45 Del Giudice F, Kasman AM, Ferro M. et al. Clinical correlation among male infertility and overall male health: a systematic review of the literature. Investig Clin Urol 2020; 61 (04) 355-371
- 46 Virtanen HE, Sadov S, Toppari J. Prenatal exposure to smoking and male reproductive health. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2012; 19 (03) 228-232
- 47 Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM, Storgaard L, Toft G, Olsen J, Bonde JP. Is prenatal exposure to tobacco smoking a cause of poor semen quality? A follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165 (12) 1372-1379
- 48 Hart RJ, Doherty DA, Keelan JA. et al. Early life events predict adult testicular function; data derived from the Western Australian (Raine) Birth Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101 (09) 3333-3344
- 49 Hærvig KK, Petersen KU, Giwercman A. et al. Fetal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and male reproductive function in young adulthood. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37 (05) 525-538
- 50 Damgaard IN, Jensen TK, Petersen JH, Skakkebaek NE, Toppari J, Main KM. Cryptorchidism and maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115 (02) 272-277
- 51 Mäkelä JA, Koskenniemi JJ, Virtanen HE, Toppari J. Testis development. Endocr Rev 2019; 40 (04) 857-905
- 52 Main KM, Mortensen GK, Kaleva MM. et al. Human breast milk contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114 (02) 270-276
- 53 Scheutz Henriksen L, Holm Petersen J, Skakkebæk NE. et al. Serum testosterone levels in 3-month-old boys predict their semen quality as young adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107 (07) 1965-1975
- 54 Henriksen LS, Frederiksen H, Jørgensen N. et al. Maternal phthalate exposure during pregnancy and testis function of young adult sons. Sci Total Environ 2023; 871: 161914
- 55 Mitchell RT, Childs AJ, Anderson RA. et al. Do phthalates affect steroidogenesis by the human fetal testis? Exposure of human fetal testis xenografts to di-n-butyl phthalate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97 (03) E341-E348
- 56 Guo YL, Hsu PC, Hsu CC, Lambert GH. Semen quality after prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans. Lancet 2000; 356 (9237): 1240-1241
- 57 Vested A, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Olsen SF. et al. Associations of in utero exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids with human semen quality and reproductive hormones in adult men. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121 (04) 453-458
- 58 Axelsson J, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Lindh CH, Jönsson BA, Giwercman A. Prenatal phthalate exposure and reproductive function in young men. Environ Res 2015; 138: 264-270
- 59 Hart RJ, Frederiksen H, Doherty DA. et al. The possible impact of antenatal exposure to ubiquitous phthalates upon male reproductive function at 20 years of age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9: 288
- 60 Hærvig KK, Petersen KU, Hougaard KS. et al. Maternal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and male reproductive function in young adulthood: combined exposure to seven PFAS. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130 (10) 107001
- 61 Hart RJ, Doherty DA, Keelan JA. et al. The impact of antenatal Bisphenol A exposure on male reproductive function at 20-22 years of age. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36 (03) 340-347
- 62 Holmboe SA, Scheutz Henriksen L, Frederiksen H. et al. Prenatal exposure to phenols and benzophenones in relation to markers of male reproductive function in adulthood. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13: 1071761
- 63 Vested A, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Olsen SF. et al. In utero exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants and reproductive health in the human male. Reproduction 2014; 148 (06) 635-646
- 64 Mably TA, Bjerke DL, Moore RW, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Peterson RE. In utero and lactational exposure of male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 3. Effects on spermatogenesis and reproductive capability. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1992; 114 (01) 118-126
- 65 Mocarelli P, Gerthoux PM, Patterson Jr DG. et al. Dioxin exposure, from infancy through puberty, produces endocrine disruption and affects human semen quality. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116 (01) 70-77
- 66 Mocarelli P, Gerthoux PM, Needham LL. et al. Perinatal exposure to low doses of dioxin can permanently impair human semen quality. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119 (05) 713-718
- 67 Li Y, Lin H, Li Y, Cao J. Association between socio-psycho-behavioral factors and male semen quality: systematic review and meta-analyses. Fertil Steril 2011; 95 (01) 116-123
- 68 Sharma R, Harlev A, Agarwal A, Esteves SC. Cigarette smoking and semen quality: a new meta-analysis examining the effect of the 2010 World Health Organization Laboratory Methods for the examination of human semen. Eur Urol 2016;
- 69 Bundhun PK, Janoo G, Bhurtu A. et al. Tobacco smoking and semen quality in infertile males: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2019; 19 (01) 36
- 70 Pizzol D, Foresta C, Garolla A. et al. Pollutants and sperm quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28 (04) 4095-4103
- 71 Szabó A, Váncsa S, Hegyi P. et al. Lifestyle-, environmental-, and additional health factors associated with an increased sperm DNA fragmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21 (01) 5
- 72 Gunes S, Metin Mahmutoglu A, Arslan MA, Henkel R. Smoking-induced genetic and epigenetic alterations in infertile men. Andrologia 2018; 50 (09) e13124
- 73 Harlev A, Agarwal A, Gunes SO, Shetty A, du Plessis SS. Smoking and male infertility: an evidence-based review. World J Mens Health 2015; 33 (03) 143-160
- 74 Dai JB, Wang ZX, Qiao ZD. The hazardous effects of tobacco smoking on male fertility. Asian J Androl 2015; 17 (06) 954-960
- 75 Ricci E, Al Beitawi S, Cipriani S. et al. Semen quality and alcohol intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 34 (01) 38-47
- 76 Nguyen-Thanh T, Hoang-Thi AP, Anh Thu DT. Investigating the association between alcohol intake and male reproductive function: a current meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9 (05) e15723
- 77 Pajarinen JT, Karhunen PJ. Spermatogenic arrest and ‘Sertoli cell-only’ syndrome – common alcohol-induced disorders of the human testis. Int J Androl 1994; 17 (06) 292-299
- 78 Finelli R, Mottola F, Agarwal A. Impact of alcohol consumption on male fertility potential: a narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19 (01) 328
- 79 du Plessis SS, Agarwal A, Syriac A. Marijuana, phytocannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system, and male fertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32 (11) 1575-1588
- 80 Rodprasert W, Toppari J, Virtanen HE. Environmental toxicants and male fertility. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 86: 102298
- 81 Srinivasan M, Hamouda RK, Ambedkar B. et al. The effect of marijuana on the incidence and evolution of male infertility: a systematic review. Cureus 2021; 13 (12) e20119
- 82 Payne KS, Mazur DJ, Hotaling JM, Pastuszak AW. Cannabis and male fertility: a systematic review. J Urol 2019; 202 (04) 674-681
- 83 Belladelli F, Del Giudice F, Kasman A. et al. The association between cannabis use and testicular function in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology 2021; 9 (02) 503-510
- 84 Sun J, Yu G, Zhang Y. et al. Heavy metal level in human semen with different fertility: a meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176 (01) 27-36
- 85 Zhang Y, Li S, Li S. Relationship between cadmium content in semen and male infertility: a meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26 (02) 1947-1953
- 86 Gao X, Li G, Pan X. et al. Environmental and occupational exposure to cadmium associated with male reproductive health risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on epidemiological evidence. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45 (11) 7491-7517
- 87 Balachandar R, Bagepally BS, Kalahasthi R, Haridoss M. Blood lead levels and male reproductive hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Toxicology 2020; 443: 152574
- 88 Wu HM, Lin-Tan DT, Wang ML. et al. Lead level in seminal plasma may affect semen quality for men without occupational exposure to lead. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10: 91
- 89 Giulioni C, Maurizi V, De Stefano V. et al. The influence of lead exposure on male semen parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 118: 108387
- 90 Zhao J, Dong X, Hu X. et al. Zinc levels in seminal plasma and their correlation with male infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 22386
- 91 Rodprasert W, Toppari J, Virtanen HE. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive health in boys and men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12: 706532
- 92 Bergman Å, Heindel J, Jobling S, Kidd K, Zoeller R. State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012. United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization; 2013
- 93 Kortenkamp A, Scholze M, Ermler S. et al. Combined exposures to bisphenols, polychlorinated dioxins, paracetamol, and phthalates as drivers of deteriorating semen quality. Environ Int 2022; 165: 107322
- 94 Rahban R, Nef S. Regional difference in semen quality of young men: a review on the implication of environmental and lifestyle factors during fetal life and adulthood. Basic Clin Androl 2020; 30: 16
- 95 Zamkowska D, Karwacka A, Jurewicz J, Radwan M. Environmental exposure to non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals and semen quality: an overview of the current epidemiological evidence. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018; 31 (04) 377-414
- 96 Joensen UN, Jørgensen N, Thyssen JP. et al. Urinary excretion of phenols, parabens and benzophenones in young men: associations to reproductive hormones and semen quality are modified by mutations in the Filaggrin gene. Environ Int 2018; 121 (Pt 1): 365-374
- 97 Nishihama Y, Toshima H, Yoshinaga J. et al. Paraben exposure and semen quality of Japanese male partners of subfertile couples. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22 (01) 5
- 98 Adoamnei E, Mendiola J, Moñino-García M. et al. Urinary concentrations of parabens and reproductive parameters in young men. Sci Total Environ 2018; 621: 201-209
- 99 Meeker JD, Yang T, Ye X, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Urinary concentrations of parabens and serum hormone levels, semen quality parameters, and sperm DNA damage. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119 (02) 252-257
- 100 Jurewicz J, Radwan M, Wielgomas B. et al. Human semen quality, sperm DNA damage, and the level of reproductive hormones in relation to urinary concentrations of parabens. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59 (11) 1034-1040
- 101 Smarr MM, Honda M, Kannan K, Chen Z, Kim S, Louis GMB. Male urinary biomarkers of antimicrobial exposure and bi-directional associations with semen quality parameters. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 77: 103-108
- 102 Guo Y, Ma Y, Zhong W. et al. Associations between seminal plasma triclosan and low sperm quality: a case-control study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 283: 130-135
- 103 Nassan FL, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL. et al; EARTH Study Team. Urinary triclosan concentrations and semen quality among men from a fertility clinic. Environ Res 2019; 177: 108633
- 104 Jurewicz J, Radwan M, Wielgomas B. et al. Environmental levels of triclosan and male fertility. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25 (06) 5484-5490
- 105 Zhu W, Zhang H, Tong C. et al. Environmental exposure to triclosan and semen quality. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13 (02) 224
- 106 Yuan G, Ma Y, Zeng Y. et al. Associations between low-dose triclosan exposure and semen quality in a Chinese population. Environ Pollut 2022; 299: 118926
- 107 Smarr MM, Kannan K, Sun L. et al. Preconception seminal plasma concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals in relation to semen quality parameters among male partners planning for pregnancy. Environ Res 2018; 167: 78-86
- 108 Den Hond E, Tournaye H, De Sutter P. et al. Human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and fertility: a case-control study in male subfertility patients. Environ Int 2015; 84: 154-160
- 109 Buck Louis GM, Chen Z, Kim S, Sapra KJ, Bae J, Kannan K. Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type ultraviolet light filters and semen quality. Fertil Steril 2015; 104 (04) 989-996
- 110 Adoamnei E, Mendiola J, Moñino-García M. et al. Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type ultra violet light filters and reproductive parameters in young men. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221 (03) 531-540
- 111 Radke EG, Braun JM, Meeker JD, Cooper GS. Phthalate exposure and male reproductive outcomes: a systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence. Environ Int 2018; 121 (Pt 1): 764-793
- 112 Wang C, Yang L, Wang S. et al. The classic EDCs, phthalate esters and organochlorines, in relation to abnormal sperm quality: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 19982
- 113 Wang H, He H, Wei Y, Gao X, Zhang T, Zhai J. Do phthalates and their metabolites cause poor semen quality? A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on risk of decline in sperm quality. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30 (12) 34214-34228
- 114 Cai H, Zheng W, Zheng P. et al. Human urinary/seminal phthalates or their metabolite levels and semen quality: a meta-analysis. Environ Res 2015; 142: 486-494
- 115 Chen PP, Liu C, Zhang M. et al. Associations between urinary bisphenol A and its analogues and semen quality: a cross-sectional study among Chinese men from an infertility clinic. Environ Int 2022; 161: 107132
- 116 Castellini C, Muselli M, Parisi A. et al. Association between urinary bisphenol A concentrations and semen quality: a meta-analytic study. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197: 114896
- 117 Martínez MÁ, Marquès M, Salas-Huetos A, Babio N, Domingo JL, Salas-Salvadó J. Lack of association between endocrine disrupting chemicals and male fertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res 2023; 217: 114942
- 118 Kortenkamp A, Martin O, Ermler S, Baig A, Scholze M. Bisphenol A and declining semen quality: a systematic review to support the derivation of a reference dose for mixture risk assessments. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 241: 113942
- 119 Ghayda RA, Williams PL, Chavarro JE. et al. Urinary bisphenol S concentrations: potential predictors of and associations with semen quality parameters among men attending a fertility center. Environ Int 2019; 131: 105050
- 120 Hipwell AE, Kahn LG, Factor-Litvak P. et al; Program Collaborators for Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes. Exposure to non-persistent chemicals in consumer products and fecundability: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 25 (01) 51-71
- 121 Knapke ET, Magalhaes DP, Dalvie MA, Mandrioli D, Perry MJ. Environmental and occupational pesticide exposure and human sperm parameters: a navigation guide review. Toxicology 2022; 465: 153017
- 122 Krzastek SC, Farhi J, Gray M, Smith RP. Impact of environmental toxin exposure on male fertility potential. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9 (06) 2797-2813
- 123 Slutsky M, Levin JL, Levy BS. Azoospermia and oligospermia among a large cohort of DBCP applicators in 12 countries. Int J Occup Environ Health 1999; 5 (02) 116-122
- 124 Giulioni C, Maurizi V, Scarcella S. et al. Do environmental and occupational exposure to pyrethroids and organophosphates affect human semen parameters? Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrologia 2021; 53 (11) e14215
- 125 Hamed MA, Akhigbe TM, Adeogun AE, Adesoye OB, Akhigbe RE. Impact of organophosphate pesticides exposure on human semen parameters and testosterone: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14: 1227836
- 126 Giulioni C, Maurizi V, Castellani D. et al. The environmental and occupational influence of pesticides on male fertility: a systematic review of human studies. Andrology 2022; 10 (07) 1250-1271
- 127 Lismer A, Shao X, Dumargne M. et al. Exposure of Greenlandic Inuit and South African VhaVenda men to the persistent DDT metabolite is associated with an altered sperm epigenome at regions implicated in paternal epigenetic transmission and developmental disease – a cross-sectional study. 2022 Accessed February 14, 2024 at: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.15.504029v2
- 128 Ellis LB, Molina K, Robbins CR. et al. Adult organophosphate and carbamate insecticide exposure and sperm concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131 (11) 116001
- 129 Ermler S, Kortenkamp A. Systematic review of associations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure with declining semen quality in support of the derivation of reference doses for mixture risk assessments. Environ Health 2022; 21 (01) 94
- 130 Mínguez-Alarcón L, Sergeyev O, Burns JS. et al. A longitudinal study of peripubertal serum organochlorine concentrations and semen parameters in young men: the Russian Children's Study. Environ Health Perspect 2017; 125 (03) 460-466
- 131 Dhooge W, van Larebeke N, Koppen G. et al; Flemish Environment and Health Study Group. Serum dioxin-like activity is associated with reproductive parameters in young men from the general Flemish population. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114 (11) 1670-1676
- 132 Kortenkamp A. Which chemicals should be grouped together for mixture risk assessments of male reproductive disorders?. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499: 110581
- 133 Akutsu K, Takatori S, Nozawa S. et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human serum and sperm quality. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2008; 80 (04) 345-350
- 134 Abdelouahab N, Ainmelk Y, Takser L. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and sperm quality. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 31 (04) 546-550
- 135 Mumford SL, Kim S, Chen Z, Gore-Langton RE, Boyd Barr D, Buck Louis GM. Persistent organic pollutants and semen quality: the LIFE study. Chemosphere 2015; 135: 427-435
- 136 Yu YJ, Lin BG, Liang WB. et al. Associations between PBDEs exposure from house dust and human semen quality at an e-waste areas in South China - a pilot study. Chemosphere 2018; 198: 266-273
- 137 Toft G, Lenters V, Vermeulen R. et al. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and male reproductive function in Greenland, Poland and Ukraine. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 43: 1-7
- 138 Albert O, Huang JY, Aleksa K. et al. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and phthalates in healthy men living in the greater Montreal area: a study of hormonal balance and semen quality. Environ Int 2018; 116: 165-175
- 139 Arowolo O, Pilsner JR, Sergeyev O, Suvorov A. Mechanisms of male reproductive toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23 (22) 14229
- 140 Wang H, Wei K, Wu Z. et al. Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and semen quality. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30 (10) 27884-27894
- 141 Andersson AM, Juul A, Petersen JH, Müller J, Groome NP, Skakkebaek NE. Serum inhibin B in healthy pubertal and adolescent boys: relation to age, stage of puberty, and follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and estradiol levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82 (12) 3976-3981
- 142 Andersson AM, Toppari J, Haavisto AM. et al. Longitudinal reproductive hormone profiles in infants: peak of inhibin B levels in infant boys exceeds levels in adult men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83 (02) 675-681
- 143 Reyes FI, Boroditsky RS, Winter JS, Faiman C. Studies on human sexual development. II. Fetal and maternal serum gonadotropin and sex steroid concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 38 (04) 612-617
- 144 Busch AS, Ljubicic ML, Upners EN. et al. Dynamic changes of reproductive hormones in male minipuberty: temporal dissociation of Leydig and Sertoli cell activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107 (06) 1560-1568
- 145 Jørgensen N, Liu F, Andersson AM. et al. Serum inhibin-b in fertile men is strongly correlated with low but not high sperm counts: a coordinated study of 1,797 European and US men. Fertil Steril 2010; 94 (06) 2128-2134