RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777319
Considerations in Forehead Reduction for Men
Abstract
Although frontal prominence is an infrequent benign defect that causes no sequelae, it gives the patient distress due to its unaesthetic visual aspect. Proper surgical recontouring of the forehead can radically change one's appearance. In consequence, different techniques have been proposed for its management and correction. The aim of this study is to describe a surgical algorithm to treat male patients with forehead reduction to soften the “forceful” look. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the head and neck surgery ward of a general hospital between 2019 and 2022. We performed 35 forehead reduction operations on male patients. The median age was 29 years (range, 26–32 years). The forehead reduction procedures performed was categorized as follows: 27 anterior table osteotomy and 8 anterior table osteotomy contouring. Median forehead reduction was 2.7 mm (range, 2–3.2 mm). The average medical follow-up for patients was 6 months, with an interval ranging from 4 to 8 months. Surgery of the forehead in properly selected male patients is sufficiently safe that it can be done for entirely aesthetic reasons. The choice of surgical technique depends on the presence or absence of the pneumatized frontal sinus. If the frontal sinus is not pneumatized, an anterior table contouring is performed and if the frontal sinus is pneumatized, an anterior table osteotomy is preferred.
Ethical Approval
Not required. Informed consent was accomplished in all the cases before the surgical act. All the results and images that appear in this article belong to patients who have given their express consent for their images to be published in scientific publications in compliance with current personal data protection regulations.
Publikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
22. November 2023
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Eppley BL. Forehead/brow reduction or augmentation with custom implants for enhanced facial profileplasty. Facial Plast Surg 2019; 35 (05) 430-445
- 2 Galiè M, Consorti G, Clauser LC, Kawamoto HK. Craniofacial surgical strategies for the correction of pneumosinus dilatans frontalis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 41 (01) 28-33
- 3 Altman K. Forehead reduction and orbital contouring in facial feminisation surgery for transgender females. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56 (03) 192-197
- 4 Wolfe SA, Berkowitz S. Plastic Surgery of the Facial Skeleton. Boston: Little Brown; 1989: 728-731
- 5 Viterbo F, Lutz BS. Aesthetic correction of a hypertrophic sinus frontalis: a long-term follow-up evaluation and refinement of the method. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2006; 30 (06) 723-726
- 6 Ousterhout DK. Feminization of the forehead: contour changing to improve female aesthetics. Plast Reconstr Surg 1987; 79 (05) 701-713
- 7 Dempf R, Eckert AW. Contouring the forehead and rhinoplasty in the feminization of the face in male-to-female transsexuals. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2010; 38 (06) 416-422
- 8 Eisemann BS, Wilson SC, Ramly EP. et al. Technical pearls in frontal and periorbital bone contouring in gender-affirmation surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146 (03) 326e-329e
- 9 Lee MK, Sakai O, Spiegel JH. CT measurement of the frontal sinus—gender differences and implications for frontal cranioplasty. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2010; 38 (07) 494-500
- 10 Urken ML, Som PM, Lawson W, Edelstein D, McAvay G, Biller HF. The abnormally large frontal sinus. I. A practical method for its determination based upon an analysis of 100 normal patients. Laryngoscope 1987; 97 (05) 602-605
- 11 Patel AC, Hammoudeh JA, Urata MM. Pneumosinus dilatans: a rare cause of frontal sinus expansion—case report and review of literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66 (11) 2380-2386
- 12 Habal MB. Aesthetics of feminizing the male face by craniofacial contouring of the facial bones. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1990; 14 (02) 143-150
- 13 Capitán L, Simon D, Kaye K, Tenorio T. Facial feminization surgery: the forehead. Surgical techniques and analysis of results. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 134 (04) 609-619
- 14 Komuro Y, Nishida M, Imazawa T, Koga Y, Yanai A. Combined frontal bone reshaping and forehead lift for frontal sinus hypertrophy. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1999; 23 (05) 361-363