Abstract
Caries is a widespread disease in both children and adults. Caries is caused by the
conversion of fermentable carbohydrates by plaque bacteria into acids on the tooth
surface. Thus, it is important to focus on sugar reduction and plaque control. For
efficient plaque removal/control, state-of-the-art toothpastes contain various active
ingredients such as antimicrobial agents (e.g., chlorhexidine, stannous salts, and
zinc salts), abrasives (e.g., calcium carbonate, calcium phosphates, and hydrated
silica), surfactants (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate),
and natural compounds (e.g., polyphenols and xylitol). Agents with pH-buffering and
calcium-releasing properties (e.g., calcium carbonate and calcium phosphates) and
biomimetic actives (e.g., hydroxyapatite) reverse the effects of the acids. Additionally,
modern toothbrushes (i.e., electric toothbrushes) as well as dental floss and interdental
brushes significantly help remove plaque from dental surfaces including interproximal
surfaces. In conclusion, modern concepts in caries prevention should focus not only
on tooth remineralization alone but also on the control of all the key factors involved
in caries development.
Keywords
caries - teeth - plaque - toothpaste - fluoride - hydroxyapatite - prevention - oral
care
