Bone Biomarkers Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Saeed Jerban; Hyungseok Jang; Eric Y. Chang; Susan Bukata; Jiang Du; Christine B. Chung

doi:10.1055/s-0043-1776431

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2024; 28(01): 062-077
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776431

Review Article

Bone Biomarkers Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Authors

Saeed Jerban

¹Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
Hyungseok Jang

¹Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
Eric Y. Chang

¹Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California

²Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
Susan Bukata

³Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
Jiang Du

¹Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California

²Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California

⁴Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
Christine B. Chung

¹Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California

²Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to evaluate the microstructural and compositional properties of bone. MRI-based biomarkers can characterize all major compartments of bone: organic, water, fat, and mineral components. However, with a short apparent spin-spin relaxation time (T2*), bone is invisible to conventional MRI sequences that use long echo times. To address this shortcoming, ultrashort echo time MRI sequences have been developed to provide direct imaging of bone and establish a set of MRI-based biomarkers sensitive to the structural and compositional changes of bone. This review article describes the MRI-based bone biomarkers representing total water, pore water, bound water, fat fraction, macromolecular fraction in the organic matrix, and surrogates for mineral density. MRI-based morphological bone imaging techniques are also briefly described.

Keywords

magnetic resonance imaging - cortical bone - trabecular bone - biomarkers - ultrashort echo time

Volltext

Referenzen

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