Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 2023; 15(01): e112-e118
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768933
Research Article

National Access to EyeSi Simulation: A Comparative Study Among U.S. Ophthalmology Residency Programs

Jessinta Oseni
1   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
,
Ayobami Adebayo
1   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
,
Nilesh Raval
1   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
,
Jee Young Moon
1   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
,
Viral Juthani
1   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
,
Roy S. Chuck
1   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
,
Anurag Shrivastava
1   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate regional disparities in access to EyeSi surgical simulation training among U.S. ophthalmology residency programs.

Methods Access to EyeSi simulation was determined from sales data (2021) provided by VRMagic. Key demographic metrics of the primary counties of U.S. residency training programs were retrieved from the U.S. Census Bureau Database (2019) and PolicyMap (2021). Demographic metrics, Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital affiliation, and Doximity residency program ranking (2021) were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test.

Results A total of 124 residency training programs across 95 U.S. counties were included. Regional density (number of EyeSi simulators/million people) was calculated; the west had a significantly lower density when compared with the northeast (NE), south, and midwest (0.4 vs 1.0, 1.3, 1.1, respectively). In the NE, there was a significantly lower population of Blacks (p = 0.01), Hispanics (p = 0.028), and Native Americans (p = 0.008) residing in counties with access to EyeSi, compared with counties without EyeSi access. Programs with EyeSi access (N = 95) had a median Doximity ranking of 52.5, whereas programs without EyeSi access (N = 35) had a lower median ranking of 94 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Our analysis demonstrates significant disparities in access to EyeSi simulation training in the United States that could disproportionately impact minority communities. Access to an EyeSi simulator was associated with higher residency ranking independent of VA affiliation.

Keywords

EyeSi simulation - distribution - ophthalmology residency programs - program ranking - VA affiliation

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 24 October 2022

Accepted: 04 April 2023

Article published online:
17 May 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

  • References

  • 1 Jamison A, Benjamin L, Lockington D. Quantifying the real-world cost saving from using surgical adjuncts to prevent complications during cataract surgery. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32 (09) 1530-1536
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Zendejas B, Brydges R, Hamstra SJ, Cook DA. State of the evidence on simulation-based training for laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review. Ann Surg 2013; 257 (04) 586-593
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Thomsen AS, Smith P, Subhi Y. et al. High correlation between performance on a virtual-reality simulator and real-life cataract surgery. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95 (03) 307-311
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Ferris JD, Donachie PH, Johnston RL, Barnes B, Olaitan M, Sparrow JM. Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database study of cataract surgery: report 6. The impact of EyeSi virtual reality training on complications rates of cataract surgery performed by first and second year trainees. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 104 (03) 324-329
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Aggarwal R, Ward J, Balasundaram I, Sains P, Athanasiou T, Darzi A. Proving the effectiveness of virtual reality simulation for training in laparoscopic surgery. Ann Surg 2007; 246 (05) 771-779
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Maertens H, Aggarwal R, Moreels N, Vermassen F, Van Herzeele I. A proficiency based stepwise endovascular curricular training (prospect) program enhances operative performance in real life: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 54 (03) 387-396
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Marmot M, Friel S, Bell R, Houweling TA, Taylor S. Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Lancet 2008; 372 (9650): 1661-1669
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Braveman P, Egerter S, Barclay C. What Shapes Health-Related Behaviors? The Role of Social Factors. Exploring the Social Determinants of Health: Issue Brief No. 1. Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; 2011: 47
    Google Scholar
  • 9 Stringhini S, Sabia S, Shipley M. et al. Association of socioeconomic position with health behaviors and mortality. JAMA 2010; 303 (12) 1159-1166
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Doximity. Residency Navigator Methodology. 2019 . Accessed August 26, 2021 at: https://residency.doximity.com
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 McCannel CA, Reed DC, Goldman DR. Ophthalmic surgery simulator training improves resident performance of capsulorhexis in the operating room. Ophthalmology 2013; 120 (12) 2456-2461
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Seymour NE, Gallagher AG, Roman SA. et al. Virtual reality training improves operating room performance: results of a randomized, double-blinded study. Ann Surg 2002; 236 (04) 458-463 , discussion 463–464
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Spiteri AV, Aggarwal R, Kersey TL. et al. Development of a virtual reality training curriculum for phacoemulsification surgery. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28 (01) 78-84
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Mahr MA, Hodge DO. Construct validity of anterior segment anti-tremor and forceps surgical simulator training modules: attending versus resident surgeon performance. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008; 34 (06) 980-985
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 U.S Census Bureau. 2019 ACS 1 year estimates. Explore census data. Accessed March 13, 2022 at: https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=median%20income&g=0400000US36&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1901
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 U.S Census Bureau. 2020 ACS 5 year estimates. Explore census data. Accessed March 13, 2022 at: https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=poverty%20rate%20&g=0500000US36005,36047,36061,36081
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Myers C, Olson C, Kerker B, Thorpe L, Greene C, Farley T. Reducing Health Disparities in New York City: Health Disparities in Life Expectancy and Death. New York, NY: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene; 2010
    Google Scholar
  • 18 Black JL, Macinko J, Dixon LB, Fryer Jr GE. Neighborhoods and obesity in New York City. Health Place 2010; 16 (03) 489-499
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Gresia V, Lundy De La Cruz N, Jessup J. et al. Hypertension in New York City: Disparities in Prevalence. Epi Data Brief No. 82. New York, NY: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. December 2016. Accessed April 1, 2022 at: https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/epi/databrief82.pdf
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Kang JX, Levanon Seligson A, Dragan KL. Identifying New York City neighborhoods at risk of being overlooked for interventions. Prev Chronic Dis 2020; 17: E32
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Karpati A, Kerker B, Mostashari F. et al. Health Disparities in New York City. New York, NY: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene; 2004
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Feinstein MM, Niforatos JD, Mosteller L, Chelnick D, Raza S, Otteson T. Association of Doximity ranking and residency program characteristics across 16 specialty training programs. J Grad Med Educ 2019; 11 (05) 580-584
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Veterans Affairs. Affiliate resources. Published January 6, 2021. Accessed April 19, 2022 at: https://www.va.gov/oaa/affiliation-agreements.asp
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 USnews.com. 2023 best medical schools. Accessed April 15, 2022 at: https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools
    PubMedGoogle Scholar