Abstract
Background Bovine mastitis is characterized by an inflammatory process in the mammary gland
and represents one of the main diseases affecting a dairy herd. Management of mastitis
is most commonly via antibiotics, but the rising incidence of multiple antibiotic
resistance (MAR) means that additional options are needed. Homeopathic products can
be administered in dairy farming for a range of clinical reasons and may be preferential
due to the absence of residues.
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the potential of a novel homeopathic complex
medicine in managing bovine mastitis.
Methods Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows with mastitis were divided into two groups: the
homeopathic complex group received a homeopathic complex daily for 60 days at a dose
of 20 g/d; the placebo group received the calcium carbonate vehicle without homeopathic
medicines at the same dose and repetition. The main outcome measure was somatic cell
count (SCC; cells/mL), with additional outcome measures including milk production
(kg/d), milk constituents (percentage of protein, fat, lactose and total milk solids),
and serum levels of cortisol, glucose, ammonia and lactic acid. All outcomes were
measured at the beginning of the study and after 30 and 60 days. Milk samples were
also collected from all animals at the beginning of the study, confirming a high (>0.2)
MAR index for isolated bacterial cultures.
Results Assessment of SCC showed a statistically significant difference favoring the homeopathic
complex versus placebo group at day 60. A reduction in serum cortisol levels and an
increase in fat, lactose and total milk solids in animals treated with the homeopathic
complex at day 60 were also seen. Other outcome measures did not show statistically
significant inter-group differences.
Conclusion The results of this non-randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled trial suggest
the potential for a novel homeopathic complex medicine in management of multiple antibiotic-resistant
bovine mastitis, thus offering dairy farmers an additional option to antibiotics and
making dairy products safer for consumer health and milk production more sustainable.
Keywords bovine mastitis - homeopathy - milk quality - somatic cell count - milk constituents